Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Tlostanova MS, Yablonsky PK, Pischik VG, Levhenko EV, Avetisyan AO, Petrov AS

The aim of the investigation was to study the efficiency of positron emission tomography with [<sup>18</sup>F]-fluorodeoxyglucose in diagnosis of various bronchopulmonary diseases taking into account the mass size of a pathological formation and the level of metabolic activity. A retrospective analysis of 615 patients with focal or infiltrative changes in the lungs was performed. The maximum level of Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) was measured in 443 of 615 patients with focal glucose hypermetabolism uptake. There was proposed the new method of calculating the SUV threshold depending on the size of the pathological formation. On the basis of the size of the pathological formation the new method of SUV threshold calculating was proposed depending on the mass size. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the method were calculated taking into account the mass size. The greatest number of false-positive and false-negative results was obtained in the SUV range from 1.9 to 4.3. The optimal SUV threshold for lung cancer revelation was defined by trees classification method.

Received: 2012-09-05

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4401

Kuzovova AV, Efimov BA, Kulagina EV, Korotkiy NG

The aim of the research was studying of the clinical and laboratory parameters, including the assessment of a level of skin contamination with S. aureus in 25 children with atopic dermatitis, before and after the use of composite dressings manufactured from hydroalginate and silver-coated fibers. The SCORAD index before the treatment was, on average, 34.4 ± 4.0. S. aureus was detected in 18 children (72 %) with a mean concentration of 4.3 ± 4.0 CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>. Patients' affected skin areas were covered with Silvercel dressings (Johnson & Johnson) for 7 days. A microbiological test was repeated thereafter. S. aureus was detected only in 8 patients after the treatment, the level of skin contamination with S. aureus being 2.3 ± 0.2 CFU/cm<sup>2</sup> (p < 0.05). The treatment was well-tolerated by all children. Twenty patients (80 %) had an improvement of their skin condition. The SCORAD index after the treatment was 20.35 ± 8.5 (p < 0.05). Positive changes in clinical and laboratory parameters allows to conclude that this approach is effective and safe in treatment for atopic dermatitis aggravated by a bacterial infection.

Received: 2012-07-13

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4491

Bashinskaya VV, Kulakova OG, Tsareva EYu, Boyko AN, Shcur SG, Davydovskaya MV, Khachanova NV, Gusev EI, Favorova OO

We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 49A>G (rs231775) in CTLA4 gene was associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility and MS clinical features, such as disease severity estimated by MSSS scale, onset symptoms and the duration of the first remission. DNA samples of 508 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 210 healthy individuals (all individuals were Russians by ethnicity) were analyzed. Genotyping was performed using PCR method with the analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism. No association of SNP rs231775 with MS susceptibility was found. After stratification of patients according to their first remission duration reliable associations of G allele carriage with the short first remission (<1 year; p = 0.044, odds ratio = 1.5), and A/A genotype carriage with the long first remission (>1 year) were observed. No reliable associations of SNP rs231775 with MS severity or onset symptoms were revealed. Carriage of CTLA4*G allele may be used as the prognostic marker for evaluation of subsequent relapses frequency in MS patients.

Received: 2012-07-09

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4422

Kruglikov GG, Suslov VB, Likhacheva LM, Stranzha NB, Oettinger AP

Chronic inflammatory reactions in the lungs lead to circulatory problems in the microvessels, causing increased permeability of endothelial cells, edema and interstitial tissue hypoxia and respiratory tracts of lungs. Inflammation is kept by constant secretion of cytokines from specific granules of mast cells and eosinophils. Protective immune response is implemented by blast transformation of lymphocytes into plasma cells secreting antibodies. With pneumoconioses incomplete phagocytosis of foreign particles, permanent destruction of macrophages and tissue saturation with decay products stimulate an autoimmune response and the intensity of fibrosis.

Received: 2012-06-27

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4537

Azova MM, Blagonravov ML, Frolov VA, Gigani OB, Gigani OO

The rates of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial hypertrophy were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats by TUNEL-assay and evaluation of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio relatively. It was found that genetic hypertension in rats was accompanied by a significant increase in apoptotic index of ventricular cardiomyocytes, and the dynamics of programmed cell death in the right and left ventricles was different. Myocardial hypertrophy began to develop in SHR rats within the first weeks of life and was associated with reduced apoptosis rate. Moreover its effect on the programmed death of cardiomyocytes was more marked in the left ventricle of the heart.

Received: 2012-06-25

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4519

Chekhani NR, Teselkin YuO, Pavlova LA, Kozin SV, Lyubitsky OB

In this study the antioxidant activity (AOA) of water extracts of some plants used in Tuva ethnomedicine was investigated. As a model system there was used a system in which the reaction of free radical oxidation of luminol was induced by adding 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP). The process of luminol oxidation was observed by recording its chemiluminescence. It was found that addition of water extracts from the studied plants to АВАР-luminol system resulted in the inhibition of luminol chemiluminescence and the appearance of the latent period, the duration of which was directly proportional to the amount of the added sample. Water extracts of herb meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria L.) had the highest AOA, and the least — the leaves of warty birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and black currant (Ribes nigrum L.). It is assumed that the AOA of water plants extracts is due to phenol and polyphenol compounds.

Received: 2012-07-09

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4400

Nikolin AA, Krupina SI, Arkhipov DE, Kramarova EP, Korlyukov AA, Shkoporov AN, Shipov AG, Kafarskaya LI, Baukov YuI, Negrebetsky VV

Eight novel hypercoordinated silicon compounds were synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by multinuclear spectroscopy of nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study. The prognosis of biological activity indicated that complexes of hypercoordinated silicon could be screened as cardioprotective agents, and drugs for side (lateral) amiotrophic sclerosis treatment based on these complexes could be developed. All studied compounds had low predicted toxicity, which was confirmed by cytotoxicity tests on the model of tissue and bacterial cultures.

Received: 2012-07-11

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4480

Dubrovin IP, Komissarova SV, Turygina SA

It is suggested a new method of brain tissue staining which contrasts cell parts like nucleus, cytoplasm, chromatin ultrastructure and the border of neuron cytoplasm, indistinguished by other methods. Equally with nervous tissue connective tissue is stained well also, blood vessels in particular. Macrophages become metachromatic. The proposed formular is universal and it is suitable for almost all objects of the study in the light microscope: paraffin, cryotomic, vibratomic and semithin sections.

Received: 2011-12-09

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4368