Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Balaian NM, Shebzukhova MM, Grachev NS, Muradianc AA, Shostak NA

The article presents the analysis of clinical and angiographic characteristics and risk factors of myocardial infarction (MI) in men and women aged <45 years. The study included 35 patients with acute MI (15 females, 20 males) of the 14th Department of Cardiology, N. I. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Moscow). The average age of female and male patients was 41.2 and 39.6 years, respectively. The majority of patients of both sexes had ST-elevation MI (STEMI) (88.6 %), among which Q-wave MI accounted for 60.0 % of cases and typical MI accounted for 71.4 % of cases. Forty percent of patients of both sexes had no previous history of CHD. Almost all risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, early family history etc.) were seen more often in women compared to men, except smoking which was found to be a risk factor in 55 % of men vs. 6 % of women (p <0.05). The coronary angiography data showed the prevalence of the right type of coronary circulation (70 % of patients) and single-vessel disease (80 %) with coronary stenosis of more than 75 %. The time to diagnosis was 2.1 times greater in women than in men accounting for an average of 9.2 and 4.3 hours, respectively. The main causes of delayed MI diagnosis before admittance were late patient referral or diagnostic errors.

Received: 2016-06-23

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2016-05-07

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VIEWS 4814

Rubtsov VV, Tsap NA, Shtukaturov AK

Electrothermal lesions are most often seen in pediatric injuries. This type of injury is uncommon, but is one of the leading causes of death and disability in children. Using medical records, we analyzed the outcomes of the treatment and rehabilitation of children with electrothermal lesions (n = 51) admitted to Pediatric Burn Center, Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9 (Yekaterinburg, Russia) over the period from 2010 to 2015. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (39 children) had injuries from electrical household appliances and group 2 (12 children) sustained high-voltage injuries. Primary surgical debridement was performed on all children; the extent and depth of the burns were established. The next step of surgical treatment for Group 1 included necrectomy and single-stage dermatoplasty; in group 2 necrectomy and the first stage of skin grafting (formation of a skin flap) were performed. Subsequently, all patients in group 2 received skin grafts for final closure of the skin defect. The duration of treatment in group 2 was 2 times longer than in group 1, due to larger burn areas (an average of 12 % vs. >5 %), longer burn shock (>24 h vs. 10 h), higher complication rate, and multiple stages of surgical treatment. Six patients from group 2 received surgical amputation. However, the division into groups according to the physical properties of the electric current can be beneficial for the development of more effective treatment algorithms.

Received: 2016-06-10

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2016-05-08

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VIEWS 4355

Aleshin AV

Diphtheria is an infection caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The pathogen releases the toxin that affects heart, kidneys, adrenal gland, as well as spinal and cerebral nerves. Tissue- and organ-specific action of diphtheria toxin is considered to be associated with the blood supply to these organs. We propose the hypothesis that takes into account the physical and chemical properties of the toxin molecule (positively charged R-domain in the B subunit) and cell expression of different types of the HB-EGF receptor and CD9 co-receptor, which are responsible for the toxin penetration into the cell. The proposed hypothesis explains the possible mechanisms of diphtheria complications.

Received: 2016-06-26

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2016-05-09

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VIEWS 4713

Vladimirov YuA, Osipov AN, Teselkin YuO

The paper analyzes the results of investigations obtained in different years at the Department of general and medical biophysics of medical-biological faculty of the Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov. The role of lipid peroxidation in the mechanisms of cell damage is estimated. The prospects for the use of chemiluminescence method for the decision of scientiﬁc and clinical problems are discussed.

Received: 2012-05-14

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI:

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VIEWS 4333

Titov VYu, Kreynina MV, Petrov VA, Ivanova AV, Boldyrikhin VS, Balyakin YuV, Osipov AN

The article contains a brief review of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism assay studies in biological systems in health and in the development of pathological conditions as well as the reasons that prevent the successful development of concepts in this field. Using enzymatic sensor, the authors found that in normal core body fluids including blood contain only trace amounts of nitrite and N-nitrosocompounds (RNNO). In inflammation processes nitrite and RNNO concentrations increase in blood plasma significantly. The total concentration of nitrite and RNNO over 150 nM is obviously a proof of inflammatory process in the body. Moreover, we have shown that nitrite and RNNO concentration rise is not the result of the inducible NO-synthase activation, but is due to NO donor destruction, presumably by active oxygen species, produced by activated leukocytes.

Received: 2012-05-14

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI:

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VIEWS 4268

Aronov LS, Lukanin DV, Tonoyan AA

The article presents the results of studying the possibilities of using of a catheter microenterostomy for the early enteral feeding of patients undergone resection of the stomach in emergency or urgency. The study was conducted on the main group of 32 patients to whom there was used the percutaneous catheter microenterostomy for the introduction of nutrients. In the control group of 30 patients enteral nutrition was carried out through the gastrointestinal duel channel combined probe transnasally installed. These results indicate that the using of catheter microenterostomy provides adequate nutritional support and metabolic care in the postoperative period, reduces postoperative complications and improves the results of treatment in patients undergone resection of the stomach.

Received: 2012-02-06

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI:

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VIEWS 4323

Makarov OV, Bogatyrev YuA, Osipova NA

The aim of the study was to determine the clinical significance of studying a number of autoantibodies in blood serum to detect preeclampsia as well as to carry out differential preeclampsia and arterial hypertension diagnosis. Among 76 examined women there were 28 patients with detected preeclampsia, 26 with arterial hypertension and 22 healthy pregnant women. In all patients there was determined the content of IgG autoantibodies against doublestranded DNA, two platelet membrane antigens (TrM-001-15, TrM-015-12), two kidney antigens (KiM-05-300, KiS-07-120) and antigen liver mitochondria (HMMR) by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay. The algorithm to interpret enzyme-multiplied immunoassay results for preeclampsia diagnosis was put forward. There was proved the high diagnostic value of the method.

Received: 2012-03-05

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI:

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VIEWS 4636

Fedin AI, Starykh EP, Parfenov AS, Mironova OP, Abrakhmanova EK, Starykh EV

This article is devoted to the studying of blood flow in cerebral arteries and endothelial function at various stages of chronic cerebral ischemia in cerebral atherosclerosis. While reducing the linear velocity of blood flow, ultrasound scans showed a reduction of visco-elastic properties of the aorta and endothelial dysfunction in large muscular arteries, which correlated with the thickness of the intima-media of the carotid arteries. The data obtained show the reduction of linear blood flow velocity in ultrasonic scanning and the reduction of visco-elastic properties of the aorta, as well as endothelial dysfunction in large muscular arteries. It was found that the most sensitive among the parameters studied in atherosclerosis of the arteries of the brain is a phase shift in occlusive sample. It is determined by the influence of nitric oxide on the smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall of large muscular arteries. It is possible a pharmacological correction of endothelial dysfunction in the large vessels of muscular type of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia.

Received: 2012-04-02

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI:

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VIEWS 4310