Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Makarov OV, Morozova KV, Goncharova VS, Lutsenko NN

Miscarriage still occupies a leading place among the main problems of medicine. In recent decades, special attention is paid to the system of genetic predictors of miscarriage. Special ferments are responsible for catecholamines exchange in the body, one of which is the catechol-o-methyltransferase, functional activity of which is genetically determined. DNA excision reparation system with the participation of the enzyme 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase maintains the original structure of DNA, which is very important for the homeostasis of the organism. In our study we conducted genotyping of 274 patients for the presence of polymorphism of rs4680 gene COMT and polymorphism of rs1052133 gene OGG1 and determined their impact on the course of pregnancy. It was found that carriage of A/A and G/A rs4680 genotypes of COMT gene and G/G and C/G rs1052133 genotypes of OGG1 gene was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage.

Received: 2014-01-15

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4604

Nasyrova NI, Ozolinya LA, Borisova MS, Askerova NG

The article presents a review of literature on the use of the «Da Vinci» surgical robot when conducting gynecological and oncogynecological surgeries. The experience of a few authorial collectives which have analyzed the use of robot assisted surgeries concerning the endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, hysteromyoma and the tubal pathology is discussed and compared to the similar surgeries performed without a robot by a laparoscopic or laparotomic access. The results of the comparative analysis have shown that the use of the robotics significantly improves the quality of the surgery and there is a decrease in loss of blood, pain syndrome during the postsurgical period as well as the time spent in the in-patient department. On the other hand, without proper experience the duration of the surgery becomes longer and the cost of the surgery goes up, considering the high cost of the materials used. However, as noted by the authors, after fifty successfully performed operations conducted by the robot their duration reduces and becomes comparable with the traditional operations, and the cost of the materials used is going to go down in the near future. That is why this method of surgical treatment in gynaecology considered as a progressive and perspective one.

Received: 2014-01-20

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4656

Titov KS, Demidov LV, Shubina Izh, Khaylenko VA, Kiselevskiy MV, Vikhrova AS

The study evaluated clinical efficacy and safety of the use of cells antitumor immunotherapy methods — vaccines based on autologic dendritic and allogenic LAK-cells in combination with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2). The clinical study involved cancer patients with skin melanoma of grades III-IV and patients with metastatic effusions resistant to systemic chemotherapy. The data led to the conclusion of safety, immune competence and reasonable effectiveness of DC-based vaccines in therapeutic and prophylactic schemes in patients with skin melanoma. The results showed that intra-cavity IL-2/LAK-immunotherapy was highly effective and well tolerated in treatment of patients with metastatic effusions.

Received: 2014-02-06

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4734

Shirikorad VI, Peterson SB, Chulkova SV, Volodin DI, Kapustin VV, Egorova AV, Lepkova NN, Benevsky AI

The paper is devoted to a review and one of the actual topics of oncology — diagnosis of locally advanced prostate cancer. It provides the current status of the problem and highlights the major debated parties of the issue. The article describes the main methods of diagnosis: digital rectal examination, prostate specific antigen study, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy of the prostate.

Received: 2013-09-18

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4688

Runikhin AYu, Poryadin GV, Savchuk VI

The aim of the study was the evaluation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) influence on cholinergic cardiac innervation. Our experimental investigation established that PGE2 induced cardiodepressor effect in normotensive cats (n = 88) due to vagus nerves activation. PGE2 stimulated vagal C-afferent fibers thus leading to vagotonia. Vagotonic effect of PGE2 is one of the mechanisms for myocardium contractility and antihypertensive action. PGE2 modulating cholinergic influence may improve blood pressure control and morphology and function of vital organs.

Received: 2013-09-02

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4657

Zaiko MV, Teselkin YuO, Pavlova LA, Kozin SV

In the study the ability of dihydroquercetin to inhibit the development of free radical reactions in the process of storing a new animal extracted product «Splenaktiv» (SA), which is a freeze-dried aqueous extract of the cattle spleen, was investigated. SA was prepared without (SA-1) and with dihydroquercetin supplement as an antioxidant (SA-2). The antioxidant activity of SA-1 and SA-2 and the content of lipid peroxidation product — malondialdehyde — were determined before and after storage for 2 years. It was found that after the period of storage of the selected antioxidant activity of the animal extracted product SA-1 decreased by10 times, and the content of malondialdehyde increased by 2 times as compared to baseline (p <0.01), whereas in the case of SA-2 the appropriate parameters practically did not change. Thus, the use of dihydroquercetin as an antioxidant in the composition of SA inhibits the development of oxidation processes and increases its shelf-life.

Received: 2014-01-27

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4568

Chekhani NR, Pavlova LA, Kozin SV, Teselkin YuO

The influence of natural polyphenolic compounds included in a new collection of medicinal plant products on the physical endurance of mice in the re-swim test was studied. It was found out that the course application of aqueous extract from the plant collection in the experimental group of mice did not effect the duration of the primary swim, but increased to 1,7 times the length of re-swimming against the same parameter in the control group (p <0.001). This result demonstrates the positive effect of the proposed plant collection on the recover processes after physical activity, i.e. its actoprotective action. It is assumed that the actoprotective action of the medicinal plant collection is due to antioxidant properties of biologically active substances in its composition.

Received: 2013-12-25

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4653

Guglya EB

Basic principles of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) and its role in drug discovery and preclinical studies are reviewed. Three stages and components of the method in modern bioanalysis application are considered — sample preparation, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The method trends and features for early drug screening and subsequent preclinical study of pharmacokinetics of drugs are discussed.

Received: 2014-01-22

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4298