The emergence of modern neuroimaging techniques has allowed for effective identification of patients with Chiari malformation. It is now possible to create a more accurate picture of this anomaly. Different surgical treatments can now be developed but this has led to standardization issues and lack of uniform recommendations for treatment of patients with Chiari malformation. A study conducted by the authors found that surgery involving the opening of the dura mater and subsequent plastic reconstruction by autoplastic graft was the optimal surgery option (with respect to volume of surgical treatment of such patients).