Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Minasov BSh, Yakupov RR, Akbashev VN, Evgrafov IO, Malsagov YuM, Karimov KK, Minasov IB, Akhmeldinova AA, Shveykin AA

The study is relevant due to persistent postural control impairment and gait disorder in patients post total knee arthroplasty (TKA), despite pain relief and restoration of the range of motion. The study aimed to assess the effects of kinesiotherapy in suspension on the patients’ stabilometry and gait phase parameters in the long term after TKA. A prospective comparative study was conducted that involved 93 patients (39 males and 54 females; average age 62.3 ± 5.1 years) enrolled 36 months after surgery. The patients were randomized into the index group (standard rehabilitation involving kinesiotherapy in suspension) and comparison group (standard program). The efficacy was assessed using stabilometry and gait phase analysis before and after the 3-week rehabilitation course. In the index group, a significant decrease in the normalized vectorogram area from 320 ± 60 to 190 ± 40 mm2 (p = 0.001) and mean center of pressure movement linear speed from 15.5 ± 2.8 to 8.7 ± 2.1 mm/s (p = 0.002) was revealed. The stance phase duration increased by 18%, and the walking phase symmetry increased from 74 ± 5 to 90 ± 4% (p < 0.01). In the comparison group, the changes were non-significant (p > 0.05). The decrease in WOMAC scores was reported for both groups, there were no intergroup differences. The data obtained confirm the efficacy of using kinesiotherapy in suspension to adjust postural and locomotor disorders after TKA.

Received: 2026-01-05

Published online: 2026-02-03

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.003

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VIEWS 120

Takhchidi KhP, Doga AV, Obodova KV

Today, selection of the optimal treatment method in patients with the early-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains an urgent problem of ophthalmology. There are various approaches to treating such patients, including the use of topical therapy and laser treatments. The study aimed to assess the hypotensive effect and clinical and functional outcomes of the simultaneous combined laser treatment, including YAG-LAT and the subsequent one-time SLT in the same localization zones, in patients with the newly diagnosed early-stage POAG and moderately elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The study included 100 eyes with stage I POAG, which were divided into two groups: group I — 50 eyes before and after YAG-LAT and SLT; group II – 50 eyes that underwent SLT only. The follow-up period was 12 months. In patients of groups I and II, a decrease in IOP by 28 and 30.5% relative to the baseline IOP was reported at 1 month, and by 32.2 and 32% at 3 months, respectively. The intergroup difference in the extent of IOP decrease at 1 and 3 months was non-significant (р > 0.05). There was still good hypotensive effect, up to 29.3% of the preoperative value, 12 months after YAG-LAT and SLT. Twelve months after SLT, the hypotensive effect was 17%. The intergroup difference in the extent of IOP decrease at 12 months was significant (р < 0.05). Glaucoma stabilization was reported in groups I and II, but in group II, antihypertensive therapy was required in 63% of cases. The simultaneous combined laser treatment technology (YAG-LAT and SLT) showed a pronounced, persistent hypotensive effect and glaucoma stabilization when used for treatment of the newly diagnosed early-stage POAG.

Received: 2025-12-17

Published online: 2026-02-01

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.004

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VIEWS 117

Klimenko PA, Lisitsa AV, Petushkova NA, Veiko NN, Kostyuk SV, Ershova ES, Klimenko MP, Gerasimova AA, Yusef OV, Vaschenko SI, Kurtser MA

Biopsy is used for the diagnosis when treating miscarriage. However, it does not guarantee that a healthy oocyte will be acquired. The study aimed to identify proteins that are specific for pregnancy development and determine rDNA in the maternal and fetal genomes during embryogenesis. A total of 45 patients took part in the continuous prospective survey. Non-viable pregnancy was terminated in 25 patients. Another five underwent abortion due to teratogenic effects. Artificial abortion was performed in 15 cases (controls). To quantify proteins, tissues of the chorion and/or embryo and the decidua were collected from all the assessed individuals during surgery, along with blood from the cubital vein. DNA was isolated from all samples by the extraction method involving the use of organic solvents. The rDNA copy number in the DNA was determined by non-radioactive quantitative hybridization (NQH), and the chorion proteins were determined by panoramic mass spectrometry. In individuals with frozen pregnancy, decreased levels of some proteins specific for pregnancy, beta-1-glycoproteins (PSG), were revealed. The rDNA content was the same in blood cells and decidual cells of the same woman. Frozen pregnancy is associated with severe imbalance of the rDNA content in the embryonic and maternal genomes. In most cases, there are significantly less rDNA copies in the embryonic genome, than in the maternal genome and genomes of other embryos, the development of which has not been spontaneously interrupted. Thus, determination of specific proteins in chorionic villi and the rDNA copy number in the potential parents’ genomes with subsequent rDNA copy number modeling in the embryo can help determine possible causes of infertility in married couples and improve the prenatal diagnosis quality.

Received: 2025-12-08

Published online: 2026-01-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.002

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VIEWS 165

Lapshtaeva AV, Sychev IV, Adamchik AI, Puzakova DV, Marmuleva VS, Sychev DA

Anovulatory infertility remains a significant medical and social issue requiring the development of new approaches to personalized patient management in assisted reproductive technology programs. Pharmacogenetic testing of hormone metabolism gene polymorphisms can contribute to optimization of ovarian stimulation protocols and higher in vitro fertilization (IVF) efficacy. The study aimed to assess a possible association of polymorphic variants of CYP isoenzyme genes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP17А1, CYP19A1) with the IVF program clinical efficacy in patients with anovulatory infertility. A total of 18 polymorphisms of the CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP17A1, and CYP19A1 genes were analyzed by genotyping on the Illumina iScan platform. The CYP1A2 Т/Т rs2470890 and А/А rs762551 genotype carrier state is associated with the increased likelihood of getting pregnant (OR = 3.824; 95% CI: 1.150–12.713, p = 0.023 and OR = 4.030; 95% CI: 1.372–11.839, p = 0.009, respectively). As for other studied polymoprhisms, including rs1048943, rs1800031, rs4646903, rs2606345 (gene CYP1А1), rs2069514 (gene CYP1А2), rs743572, rs104894136 (gene CYP17А1), rs10046, rs936306, rs700518, rs749292, rs1062033, rs2470152, rs28757157, rs6493497, rs7176005 (CYP19А1), no significant differences in the abundance of genotypes between comparison groups were revealed (p > 0.05). The pilot study data obtained suggest the potential role of the CYP1A2 gene rs2470890 and rs762551 variants in modulation of the individual response to treatment and the IVF program efficacy in patients with anovulatory infertility.

Received: 2025-12-25

Published online: 2026-01-22

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.001

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VIEWS 169

Adrianov MA, Gautier MS, Degtyareva AV, Marey MV, Manukhova LA, Rastorguev SM, Simonov VS, Ushakova LV, Vyssokikh MYu

The most common biochemical defect in Leigh syndrome is aberrations in proteins involved in the assembly of the electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV subunits — cytochrome C oxidase (COX). Among these, mutations in the SURF1 gene are the most common. The SURF1 protein is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and plays a crucial role in the COX complex assembly. All mutations in the SURF1 gene result in the truncated protein biosynthesis and damage to the COX complex. Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV9), which carry the not mutated SURF1 gene (AAV9-SURF1), are being investigated for the treatment of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of SURF1 and MTCO1 proteins in whole blood from patients with Leigh syndrome compared to reference values obtained for a pool of patients without mutations, as well as to evaluate the expression of the MTCO1 cytochrome c oxidase subunit in skin fibroblast cultures from patients with Leigh syndrome treated with AAV9. To investigate the gene therapy efficacy, AAV9-SURF1 was added to fibroblasts derived from the skin of a patient with a mutation in the Surf1 gene and to control skin fibroblasts at an optimal dose that did not impair cell viability in the MTT assay. We used Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR to evaluate changes in the relative amounts of the studied proteins after the addition of AAV9-SURF1 to control cells and cells obtained from the patient and identified significant compensatory changes in skin fibroblasts from a patient with a SURF1 mutation.

Received: 2025-12-12

Published online: 2025-12-29

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.083

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VIEWS 311

Zhygmitova EB, Kosykh AV, Gurskaya NG

Diseases associated with limbal stem cell deficiency, such as chronic epithelial erosion and corneal scarring, require new therapeutic approaches rooted in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to develop a protocol for obtaining progenitor cells of the epithelium of the limb and cornea from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We differentiated iPSCs toward eye organoids to obtain three-dimensional heterogeneous structures within three weeks. The resulting organoids contain corneal epithelial progenitor cells expressing keratin 3 and collagen 7, which confirms the possibility of generating functional epithelium in vitro. The protocol enables the generation of isogenic, patient-specific cell lines for treating limbal insufficiency and dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, including applications following preliminary genome editing of iPSCs.

Received: 2025-11-25

Published online: 2025-12-27

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.070

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VIEWS 338

Plotnikova MA, Oleynik VA, Klotchenko SA

Monoclonal antibody therapy is one of the most promising approaches for effective influenza control. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of exogenous mRNA-encoded single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies, which are capable of binding viral antigens inside the cell with high affinity. Two influenza virus proteins, hemagglutinin (antibody FI6) and nucleoprotein (antibody 2/3), were chosen as targets. Each scFv encoded by mRNA was produced in two variants: one containing a signal peptide (SP) to direct secretion into the extracellular space (scFv-SP) and one lacking the signal peptide (scFv-WO) for cytosolic localization and function. These variants showed distinct intracellular localization patterns: scFv-SP localized to regions characteristic of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex, whereas scFv-WO was distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm. mRNAs encoding scFv-FI6-SP, scFv-2/3-SP, and scFv-2/3-WO exhibited antiviral activity against influenza A virus in vitro. The scFv-FI6-SP mRNA showed the strongest antiviral effect, reducing viral load by approximately tenfold compared to the control. For influenza B virus, both scFv-2/3 mRNA variants, with and without the signal peptide, reduced viral load by an average of 50%. These findings highlight the antiviral potential of intracellular antibodies and point to new opportunities for targeting viral components that are not accessible to conventional antiviral therapies.

Received: 2025-11-27

Published online: 2025-12-26

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.077

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VIEWS 548

Polyakova VA, Davydova EE, Luparev AR, Matsvay AD, Gnusareva NI, Gordukova MA, Galeeva EV, Tolokonceva AA, Shipulin GA

The diversity and succession of epidemiologically significant enteroviruses (EV) lead to constant changes in the clinical presentation and morbidity levels. The aim of the study is to investigate cases of EV infection in hospitalized children during the resurgence of the epidemic process following the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected clinical samples from 156 patients with EV infection across a range of ages. Virus genotyping was performed using the Sanger sequencing of the 5’UTR-VP2 and VP1 genome fragments. Sixteen types of enteroviruses were identified, with one additional case identified only to the species level (EV-C). The dominant EV type was Coxsackie CV-A6, with a share of 80.6% (95% CI: 66.7–95.5) in 2021 and 36.1% (95% CI: 27.5–44.6) in 2022. Most commonly, CV-A6 caused skin lesions (exanthema or HFMD) and respiratory manifestations. In 2022, the proportion of CV-A10 cases increased considerably to 27.0% (95% CI: 19.2–34.9) compared with 6.4% (95% CI: 0–15.1) in 2021. The most common clinical manifestation of CV-A10 was herpangina. The most severe EV infection cases were associated with ECHO 6 — four out of 11 patients were diagnosed with meningitis, while the remaining patients exhibited neurological symptoms (meningism, intense headache, vomiting) accompanied by fever. We observed a large number of EV cases accompanied by the presence of other infectious agents in biological samples, which may result from immune suppression during EV infection development. The most common of these agents was human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). The nucleotide sequences of the characterized enteroviruses have been deposited in the NCBI database to enable subsequent epidemiological analysis of enterovirus circulation in the Russian Federation.

Received: 2025-11-24

Published online: 2025-12-25

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.082

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VIEWS 440