Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Kareem AT

The evolution of multi drug-resistant bacterial diseases enforces the need for new botanical anti-microbiological drugs. Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng), is often used in traditional medicine; however the pharmacognosic effects and extraction efficiency need to be affirmed meticulously. The study aimed at qualitative phytochemical profiling and physicochemical standardization of M. koenigii leaf powder by aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic solvent systems, conducted for the first time. MICs were measured by microdilution to determine antibacterial activities against a panel of clinically relevant pathogens; the disc diffusion method was used for microbiological analysis. Tukey's post-hoc test was used after one-way ANOVA to examine statistical differences. Physicochemical examination showed a total ash value of 15.4% ± 0.3% w/w and a low moisture content of 4.2% ± 0.3% w/w. we detected bioactive secondary metabolites, including as tannins, alkaloids, and, flavonoids were validated by phytochemical screening, with alcoholic solvents showing higher extraction yields than water. The ethanolic extract showed strong antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis (21.0 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (21.0 mm) in disc diffusion experiments, but the aqueous extract was totally inactive (0.0 , p < 0.001). Bacillus sp. and Streptococcus mutans showed the lowest MIC values for the ethanolic extract (0.156 mg/mL). These results validate M. koenigii's potential development as a natural therapeutic agent by establishing pharmacognosic quality markers for the plant and showing that its ethanolic extract contains extremely powerful antibacterial agents, especially effective against Gram-positive clinical isolates.

Received: 2026-07-18

Published online: 2026-08-31

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.047

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VIEWS 48

Kerimov KB, Ivanov AS, Tananakina TP, Kashchenko SA, Pogorelova IA

The meniscus degeneration pathogenesis is important for understanding and developing new treatment methods; it includes biochemical, structural, and microcirculatory alterations affecting all joint structures. The study aimed to perform in vitro assessment of the effects of standard and photoactivated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the IL6, IL17A concentrations, expression of COL2A1 and CD95 apoptosis marker in human meniscus fibrochondrocytes in the IL1β-induced inflammation. The human knee meniscus cartilage tissue was collected from 12 somatically healthy donors aged 18 to 35 years for the experiment. Cells were divided into four groups: the first was intact (control), the second, third, and fourth ones were exposed to IL1β to induce degenerative alterations; the second one was supplemented with 0.9% NaCl, the third one with donor PRP, and the fourth one with photoactivated PRP. Parameters were determined after 48 h. Statistical analysis was performed in GraphPad Prism 9. The rm-ANOVA was used for related groups. Data were presented as mean ± SD, at p < 0.05. IL6 (79.6 ± 4.3 pg/mL vs. 28.4 ± 2.1 pg/mL), IL17A (42.8 ± 2.5 pg/mL vs. 14.2 ± 1.0 pg/mL), CD95 (28.5 ± 2.2% vs. 6.8 ± 0.7%) levels increased in group II compared to group I; COL2A1 levels decreased from 1.00 ± 0.08 to 0.42 ± 0.0). IL6 levels decreased to 55.1 ± 3.4 pg/mL, IL17A — to 29.4 ± 2.1 pg/mL, CD95 — to 17.2 ± 1.5%, and COL2A1 levels increased to 0.71 ± 0.06 in group III compared to group II. IL6 levels decreased to 38.2 ± 2.6 pg/mL, IL17A — to 18.6 ± 1.7 pg/mL, CD95 — to 9.4 ± 0.8%, and COL2A1 levels increased to 0.94 ± 0.07 (p < 0,05) in group IV compared to group III. Standard PRP has a positive effect on meniscus tissue in vitro after 48 h. The effect is enhanced after the PRP exposure to red light.

Received: 2026-06-27

Published online: 2026-08-26

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.046

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VIEWS 52

Sharko FS, Prokopenko AV, Izotova AO, Toshchakov SV

Genotype imputation makes it possible to considerably reduce the cost of whole-genome data acquisition preserving the information value, but its accuracy depends directly on the availability of a high-quality phased reference panel of haplotypes. The existing panels for Macaca mulatta cover mostly the Indian species lineage and do not reflect the genetic structure of laboratory populations of mixed origin. This retrospective bioinformatics study aimed to produce and validate a phased reference panel based on the consolidation of publicly available whole-genome datasets from 618 M. mulatta individuals of both geographic lineages processed in accordance with the common standardized protocol. The resulting panel includes 33,457,491 SNP markers. Validation on samples of Indian and Chinese origin with ultra-low coverage (0.1x–0.9x) confirmed high imputation accuracy, which was highest for the Indian lineage dominant in the panel. Testing on 10 independent samples with the 0.6x coverage showed a high average imputation reliability score (INFO = 0.898). The created resource opens the prospects for cost-effective genotyping of large M. mulatta cohorts and provides the basis for whole-genome association and population genetic studies in domestic and foreign primate research centers.

Received: 2026-07-14

Published online: 2026-08-21

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.045

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VIEWS 127

Yusef OV, Ibragimov BR, Klimenko MP, Gerasimova AA, Aimetdinova AB, Marnat EG, Abramov DD, Klimenko PA, Kurtser MA

Missed abortion is one of the most prevalent forms of early pregnancy loss that remains a pressing issue of obstetrics and gynecology. Despite advances in reproductive medicine, the molecular mechanisms underlying the embryo development termination in early gestation are poorly understood. A comparative singlecenter study aimed to assess the expression of TGF-β and MMP-9 genes in peripheral blood of women with physiological and missed abortion and assess their potential prognostic value for evaluation of the risk of early pregnancy loss. A total of 40 pregnant women were included in the study: 20 patients with the 9–11 week physiological pregnancy (control group) and 20 women diagnosed with missed abortion (index group). The TGF-β and MMP-9 gene expression was determined by the real-time polymerase chain reaction method after the total RNA isolation from peripheral blood. The Mann‒Whitney U-test and ROC analysis were used for statistical data processing. No significant differences in the TGF-β and MMP-9 gene expression between the studied groups were revealed. At the same time, ROC analysis made it possible to determine the threshold values of the studied indicators having some diagnostic information content. As for MMP-9, the threshold value Ct ≤ 29 ensuring the 80% sensitivity and 60% specificity turned out to be the most informative. As for TGF-β, the threshold value Ct ≤ 27.4 was characterized by the 75% sensitivity and 70% specificity. The findings suggest the potential prognostic value of the studied genes for evaluation of the risk of missed abortion.

Received: 2026-06-24

Published online: 2026-08-18

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.043

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VIEWS 235

Romanovskaya-Romanko EA, Ozhereleva OO, Plotnikova MA, Altuhov AS, Stukova MA

The use of live attenuated influenza vectors requires a balance between decreasing virulence and preserving immunogenicity. One possible approach to enhancing immunogenicity and protective efficacy of such attenuated strains is the integration of transgenes capable of activating the innate and adaptive immunity in the viral genome. The experimental study aimed to construct recombinant attenuated influenza viruses capable of expressing human IL1β and conduct comparative analysis of their replication properties, immunostimulatory activity, and safety profile in vivo. Recombinant strains with different transgene localization were generated by the reverse genetics method; their growth characteristics and transgene expression levels were assessed. Activation of the innate immunity genes in response to infection with recombinant strains was assessed in the А549 cell culture. The attenuated phenotype was confirmed in the mouse model. In the reported study, recombinant attenuated influenza viruses having the NS1 protein truncated to 124 amino acid bases and expressing human IL1β were constructed and produced. It was confirmed that recombinant strains could express the functionally active IL1β; the increase in relative expression of the innate immunity genes (RIG-I, MDA5, OAS1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL6 and TNFα) in response to the infection of cells with recombinant strains compared to the empty vector NS124 was shown. Thus, the IL6 gene expression increased more than 10-fold (p < 0.0001) and that of the TNFα gene increased 3–4-fold (p < 0.0001). The attenuated phenotype of the recombinant strains produced was confirmed in in vivo experiments, which suggests preservation of the safety profile along with the enhanced immunostimulatory activity.

Received: 2026-07-02

Published online: 2026-08-17

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.044

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VIEWS 239

Seredin PV, Ippolitov YuA, Ippolitov IYu, Goloshchapov DL, Litvinova TA

The relevance of the study is associated with the search for minimally invasive molecular signatures of the dentogingival complex tissue condition in children. A pilot study aimed to identify spectral signatures of protein conformational changes in gingival crevicular fluid from children aged 8–14 years with dental caries and gingival inflammation (gingivitis) based on analysis of the IR spectral Amide III band in a pilot cohort. Gingival crevicular fluid samples collected from 20 children aged 8–14 years with different dental status were analyzed. FTIR spectra were acquired using synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in a Bruker Vertex 80/v spectrometer in the range of 3800–700 cm–1 with a focus on the Amide III region. Spectral deconvolution combined with multivariate analysis was used to estimate the contribution of protein secondary-structure elements. In the pilot cohort, dental caries was associated with a directed increase in the total contribution of components related to β-sheet structures. Based on the summed contributions of the main secondary structure elements, the β-sheet contribution exceeded 50% across the four analytical groups, the disordered component ranged approximately from 21 to 31%, and the contributions of β-turns and α-helical components remained below 10–11%. Inflammatory gingival changes showed a tendency toward a decreased contribution of β-turns and a relative increase in disordered conformations. Thus, the Amide III profile may reflect integral physicochemical changes in proteins of gingival crevicular fluid in individuals with caries and gingivitis. The reported features should be regarded as candidate spectral signatures of a hypothesis-generating nature that require further clinical validation.

Received: 2026-06-15

Published online: 2026-07-31

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.042

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VIEWS 328

Osikov MV, Antonov VN, Zotov SO

COVID-19 is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage (COVID-19-DAD). The COVID-19-associated hemostatic alterations manifested by venous and arterial thrombosis deserve special attention. The issue is especially urgent for patients with diabetes mellitus. An observational study aimed to assess the role of polymorphisms of the genes ITGB3, ITGA2, and GP1BA in aggregation alteration in patients having COVID-19-DAD combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The control group included healthy volunteers (group 1; n = 22). Patients with COVID-19-DAD were divided into two group based on the fact of having or not having T2D: group 2 with no T2D (n = 52) and group 3 with T2D (n = 56). Platelet aggregation was assessed with the ALAT-2 laser platelet aggregation analyzer; adenosine diphosphate (ADP) at a concentration of 2.5 µg/mL, collagen 2.0 µg/mL, adrenaline 5 µg/mL, and ristomycin 7.5 mg/mL were used as aggregation inducers. In patients with СOVID-19-DAD and T2D, the rate of aggregate formation with the ADP induction was higher in carriers of the Т/С and С/С variants compared to carriers of the Т/Т variant – by 14 and 23% based on the median (р < 0.05). Polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction in buccal epithelial scrapings. In the group of patients with СOVID-19-DAD having no T2D, depending on the ITGA2 gene rs1126643 polymorphism the collagen-induced platelet aggregation is accelerated with the С/Т and Т/Т variants compared to the С/С variant — by 55 and 49%, respectively (р < 0.05); among individuals with СOVID-19-DAD and T2D, carriers of the Т/Т variant show the rate of the collagen-induced platelet aggregation 30% higher compared to carriers of the С/С variant (р < 0.05). Conclusion: in patients with COVID-19-DAD and T2D, the presence of the mutant allele Т of the ITGA2 gene rs1126643 polymorphism and allele С of the ITGB3 gene rs5918 polymorphism increases the rate of the collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation.

Received: 2026-05-18

Published online: 2026-07-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.041

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VIEWS 330

Likhomanova EN, Shevaldova OV, Kovaleva AV

The psychological effects of childhood cancer and its treatment extend to all family members, particularly healthy siblings, of the affected child. Previous studies have reported reduced quality of life and self-esteem, as well as increased death anxiety and loneliness, among these children. This study aimed to compare the severity of chronic fatigue in siblings of children with cancer and in children from families without a seriously ill family member, with consideration of the informant: the child’s self-report or the parent’s proxy report. A total of 113 parent–child dyads participated in this controlled cross-sectional study. The sibling group comprised 65 healthy children whose brother or sister had cancer, and the control group comprised 48 children from families without a seriously ill family member. The groups were matched for the children’s sex and age (7–11 years). Chronic fatigue was assessed using the Chronic Fatigue Severity Questionnaire. Linear mixed-effects models revealed a significant group × informant interaction (p < 0.001). In the control group, parents rated fatigue severity lower (Δ = –10 points) than did the children themselves. In the sibling group, parental ratings were comparable to or higher than the children’s self-ratings (Δ = 2 points, p < 0.001). Parent–child agreement was stronger in the sibling group (r = 0.73, p < 0.001) than in the control group (r = 0.34, p = 0.019). No between-group differences were found in the total fatigue scores based on the children’s self-reports. Siblings reported greater physiological discomfort (p = 0.037), but less decline in general well-being, cognitive comfort, and social functioning than controls (all p < 0.001). The results suggest, that in families of children with cancer, parental assessments of a healthy child’s fatigue differ from the child’s own perception of their condition. Parents tend to rate fatigue as more severe than do the children themselves, whereas the opposite pattern is observed in control families. This informant discrepancy should be considered when assessing the well-being of healthy siblings and when providing psychological support to families affected by childhood cancer.

Received: 2026-06-03

Published online: 2026-07-18

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.040

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VIEWS 434