Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Gaydina TA, Dvornikova EG

Early detection of melanocytic nevus progression to malignant melanoma is a pressing concern. Traditionally, patients with multiple melanocytic nevi (MMN) are monitored for extended periods of time and excisional biopsies are performed on individual suspicious melanocytic nevi (MN). This approach is costly and tremendously time-consuming for both doctors and patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a smartphone-compatible optical instrument in the assessment of MN for malignancy. Seven patients aged 43 to 65 years with MMN on the trunk and upper/lower extremities were followed-up for 4 years. Dermoscopy images of MN were taken and analyzed using a Handyscope smartphone-compatible optical system operated at 20x magnification and a Handyscope3 application. A total of 74 MN were surgically removed during the follow-up period. None of the patients had melanoma. The results of dermoscopy image analysis generated by the convolutional neural network coincided with histopathology findings in all cases. The optical Handyscope system demonstrated its efficacy in assessing MN for malignancy. AI can be used for primary screening of MMN dermoscopy images. However, histopathological verification of the diagnosis is still needed.

Received: 2020-09-11

Published online: 2020-10-27

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.065

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Voroshilina ES, Zornikov DL, Ivanov AV, Pochernikov DG, Panacheva EA

To this day semen microbiota is still poorly understood, and clinical significance of detecting specific microorganism groups has not been clearly determined. The aim of this work was to conduct cluster analysis of semen microbiota detected using real-time PCR. 634 semen samples of reproductive age men were analyzed using the Androflor kit. Microbial DNA in the quantity of no less than 103 GE/ml was detected in 460 samples (72.5%). From 1 to 14 microorganism groups were detected in 350 samples (55.2%) in the quantities that exceeded the threshold values (the detection rate of specific groups: 3.3–21.0%). In these 350 samples 4 stable microbiota clusters were determined. Each of the clusters was characterized by the prevalence of a specific microorganism group: obligate anaerobes (cluster 1; n = 172; detection rate — 49.1%), Lactobacillus spp. (cluster 2; n = 78; detection rate — 22.3%), gram-positive facultative anaerobes (cluster 3; n = 62; detection rate — 17.7%), Enterobacteriaceae / Enterococcoccus (cluster 4; n = 62; detection rate — 10.9%). Cluster 1 was less stable and was characterized by the larger species diversity compared to other clusters.

Received: 2020-09-21

Published online: 2020-10-27

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.064

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Takhchidi KhP, Takhchidi NKh, Kasmynina TA, Tebina EP, Mokrunova MV

Eales’ disease is an idiopathic occlusive inflammatory vasculopathy resulting in peripheral retinal ischemia, neovascularization, recurrent hemophthalmos, and proliferative tissue formation. It is often complicated by tractional retinal detachment, secondary glaucoma, and central retinal vein occlusion. The management of patients with Eales’ disease includes mainly glucocorticosteroid therapy, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors, vitreoretinal surgery and laser photocoagulation. The clinical case reported demonstrates the potential of retinal laser photocoagulation for treatment of the Eales’ disease in the ischemic and proliferative stages. The results of retinal laser photocoagulation used as monotherapy demonstrate the clinical and functional indices improvement: enhanced visual acuity, stabilized central retinal sensitivity value, restored clarity to the ocular media, regression of neovascularization and macular edema in the patient’s eye being in the proliferative (3b) stage, and the process stabilization in the eye being in the ischemic (2a) stage of the disease.

Received: 2020-09-20

Published online: 2020-10-23

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.063

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Tairova RT, Gaydina TA, Dvornikov AS, Tazartukova AD, Lyang OV

Patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and multiple comorbidities should be monitored for possible adverse reactions to prescribed drugs, including drug eruptions (DE) at any stage of treatment. Below, we describe a clinical case of a 92-year-old female patient with severe PCR-confirmed COVID-19. The patient was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, moxifloxacin, acetylcysteine, and sodium enoxaparin. On day 9 into treatment, the patient developed moderately itching macular rashes showing a tendency to coalesce, but overall showed no signs of deterioration. On day 15, the rashes regressed, following a short course of dexamethasone and chloropyramine. This kind of skin reaction might have been provoked by β-lactams and fluoroquinolones included in the treatment regimen, a secondary bacterial infection, compromised immunity due to advanced age, and high viral load associated with dermatological symptoms. Delayed onset of skin symptoms might be regarded as a marker of COVID-19 severity.

Received: 2020-09-23

Published online: 2020-10-21

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.062

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VIEWS 76

In the journal Bulletin of the Russian State Medical University (July – August 2020/04, p. 60–66), mistakes were made in the article:DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.049 Maltseva DV, Shkurnikov MYu, Nersisyan SA, Nikulin SV, Kurnosov AA, Raigorodskaya MP, et al. Hypoxia enhances transcytosis in intestinal enterocytes. Bulletin of RSMU. 2020; (4): 60–6. DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.049The editors ask for the following changes:Printed by:p. 60, "Funding"the study received public financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (prоject ID RFMEFI60519X0184).It should be:the study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project ID RFMEFI61719X0056).

Received: 2020-10-16

Published online: 2020-10-16

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.061

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Takhchidi KhP, Takhchidi NKh, Kasmynina TA, Tebina EP

Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a rare congenital benign lesion. It is most often detected in young adults and adolescents. The disorder is mostly asymptomatic, however, in 24% of patients the loss of visual function results from complications, such as epiretinal fibrosis associated with tractional distortion of the fovea, hemophthalmos, choroidal neovascularization, exudative retinal detachment, macular edema, and combined tractional/rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Currently, there is no consensus on the combined hamartoma complications management. The reported clinical case demonstrates the feasibility of staged approach to treatment of combined hamartoma of the retina and RPE complicated by epiretinal fibrosis and partial hemophthalmos using the advanced diagnosis (optical coherence tomography) and treatment methods.

Received: 2020-09-07

Published online: 2020-10-12

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.060

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VIEWS 53

Skarga VV, Zadorozhny AD, Shilov BV, Nevezhin EV, Negrebetsky VV, Maslov MA, Lagunin AA, Malakhov MV

Psoralens are medicinal photosensitizing furocoumarins which are used in photochemotherapy and photoimmunotherapy of dermatoses. Psoralen photooxidation products may be involved in therapeutic effects, but the possible mechanisms of their action remain unclear. The study was aimed to assess the prospective pharmacological effects and mechanisms of activity for six previously identified ortho–hydroxyformyl-containing psoralen photooxidation products and their cycloadducts with aminothiols, as well as for structurally similar compounds (furocoumaric acid and tucaresol). Chemoinformatic analysis of the prospective pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of these compounds was performed using the PASS and PharmaExpert software. The predicted pharmacological effects partially confirmed by previous studies highlight the possible involvement of psoralen photooxidation products in the effects of PUVA therapy or photopheresis during the course of dermatoses and proliferative disorders treatment. A broad spectrum of pharmacological effects found for furocoumaric acid and cycloadducts of coumarinic and benzofuranic photoproducts of psoralen with cysteine and homocysteine appoints new directions of research relating to therapeutic use of psoralens.

Received: 2020-08-27

Published online: 2020-10-09

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.059

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VIEWS 81

Egiazaryan KA, Sirotin IV, Chizhikova IO, Lazishvili GD, Ratjev AP, But-Gusaim AB

Dislocation of the acetabular component is one of the most frequent complications of total hip arthroplasty. It is commonly attributed to implant malpositioning. However, not all dislocations can be explained by this hypothesis. The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of intraoperative injury to hip abductors (m. gluteus minimus in the first place, since it is reportedly an important hip stabilizer) in the development of postoperative hip dislocation. The experiment was conducted in 4 male and 3 female cadavers. A total of 12 THA were performed. The Hardinge and Watson-Jones approaches were used in equal proportion. On plain radiography, acetabular inclination was 40–47°, anteversion was 10–22°; technically and biomechanically, these values were within the normal range and did not depend on the type of surgical approach (for inclination, p = 0.94; for anteversion, p = 0.63), ruling out implant malpositioning as a risk factor for hip dislocation. Nevertheless, implant stability was significantly disrupted following transection of the anterior or posterior fascicle of m. gluteus minimus, leading to the dislocation of the acetabular component in standard rotation and flexion tests. Thus, our study shows the significant role of m. gluteus minimus in stabilizing the hip joint. Preservation or adequate repair of this muscle during surgery will reduce the risk or dislocation and help to restore the anatomy and biomechanics of the operated joint.

Received: 2020-09-04

Published online: 2020-10-04

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.058

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VIEWS 62