Indices that reflect individual oral hygiene levels are widely used to determine microbial plaque of the tooth surface. When teaching patients how to take care about the oral cavity, dentists use visual demonstration of the dental plaque localization. The quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technique represents a modern method to diagnose individual oral hygiene, in which even minimal microbial plaque buildup shows up as red fluorescence. The study aimed to assess the oral hygiene status using the quantitative light-induced fluorescence technique. Dental deposits were detected using QLF; the Quigley Hein, Green-Vermillion, DMF indices were detected clinically. The findings show that Simple Hygiene Scores do not exceed 2, when the caries intensity is very low or low (p < 0.05). In these groups, the Green-Vermillion and Quigley Hein index values reach 0.5 ± 0.23 and 0.2 ± 0.14, respectively. When the caries intensity is medium, Simple Hygiene Scores vary between 1–5 points. Very high caries intensity is characterized by the Simple Hygiene Score between 3 and 5 points (maximum Green-Vermillion and Quigley Hein index values reach 2.3 ± 0.43 and 2.1 ± 0.35) (p < 0.05). Thus, the quantitative light-induced fluorescence technique can be used in clinical trials for objective oral hygiene assessment, visual demonstration of dental plaque buildup to patients, and assessment of the dynamic changes in these indicators.
VIEWS 161
Mass screening of newborns for 36 hereditary diseases in the Russian Federation will enable the reduction of childhood disability and mortality from hereditary disorders, as well as the identification of all-Russian and regional population-genetic features of the screened disorders. The study aimed to assess the results of newborn screening (NBS), including expanded newborn screening (ENBS), in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania obtained between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2024, as well as to study clinical and population-genetic characteristics of the diseases screened in the region. In phase I of assessment, biochemical testing, tandem mass spectrometry, and DNA diagnostics were performed, and the TREС/KREС levels were determined in 14,994 newborns. In 355 cases (2.36%), positive values were revealed. In phase II, the necessary laboratory and subsequent confirmatory DNA diagnostics were carried out in 324 cases (91.2%): repeated analysis by MS/MS and DNA diagnostics (for hereditary metabolic diseases), immunophenotyping (for primary immunodeficiency states). During the 2-year study, a total of 37 diagnoses were established, which accounted for 0.25% of all children screened in phase I and clearly indicated the program's success and effectiveness. We managed to verify the specific spectrum of mutations characteristic of phenylketonuria (PKU) and medium-chain fatty acid acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD). The frequency of the disorder assessed within the framework of newborn screening was determined. The frequency of all PKU forms was 1 : 1153 newborns, and the frequency of MCADD was 1 : 789 newborns surveyed. All children are listed as sick in the medical genetic consultation of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania; they receive treatment in accordance with the clinical guidelines.
VIEWS 194
High fatality rate and the lack of pathophysiological therapy are typical for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration is used to model ARDS in animals. The method has the limitation of requiring the use of equipment to perform intubation and control the animal’s state. The study aimed to assess the possibility of using intranasal LPS administration instead of intratracheal and determine the LPS optimal dose. A total of 150 mL of the E. coli O111:B4 LPS (7.5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg) or 0.9% NaCl was administered to 21 Sprague-Dawley rats. After 48 h blood was collected from the tail vein to determine the white blood cell count and TNFa concentration. The lungs were retrieved to assess dry weight (wet/dry ratio) and to determine the expression of the genes encoding pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines using real-time PCR. The relative counts of CD68-, CD86-, and MHC II-positive cells in the lung tissue were also evaluated using flow cytometry. The w/d ratio was higher when the dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight was used (p = 0.0228, ordinary one-way Anova). Вlood lymphocyte counts were decreased (p = 0.0019, ordinary one-way Anova), and neutrophil counts were increased (p = 0.0021, ordinary one-way Anova) upon administration of both doses. The counts of CD86- (p = 0.0014, ordinary one-way Anova) and MHC II-positive cells (p = 0.0050, ordinary one-way Anova) increased after LPS administration. The IL10 gene expression was significantly increased upon administration of the dose of 15 mg/kg (p = 0.0024, ordinary oneway Anova), while the IL4 expression (p = 0.0194, ordinary one-way Anova) was decreased upon administration of the dose of 7.5 mg/kg. Thus, intranasal LPS administration can be used to model ARDS in the Sprague-Dawley rats. Administration of the high dose leads to the rapid development of inflammation in the lung.
VIEWS 352
Assessment of pharmacologically active molecule biotransformation represents the most important phase of drug development, the results of which make it possible to identify active and toxic metabolites and provide a fundamental basis for the targeted design of new candidate drug molecules. The liver is the main organ involved in biotransformation of drugs. The currently widely used in vitro metabolism assessment methods do not allow one to identify products of extrahepatic drug molecule biotransformation. The study aimed to develop an in vivo approach to determination of the role of the liver in biotransformation of candidate drug molecules. The approach proposed is based on the vascular liver isolation performed surgically in laboratory rats. The organ involvement in biotransformation of pharmacologically active molecules is exemplified by the leader compound of the sydnone imine group possessing vasodilatory activity. It has been shown that elimination of the liver from systemic blood flow does not result in generation of the test compound metabolites identified by chromatography–mass spectrometry. The findings can provide the basis for prediction of drug pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety.
VIEWS 308
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder, the development of which involves humoral and cellular immunity. The disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) for multiple sclerosis slow down the disease progression, but the therapy prescribed is not always well tolerated by patients; allergy and other side effects are possible. In this regard, the development of new methods, including non-pharmacological ones, is relevant. These methods include extracorporeal photopheresis involving UV exposure of peripheral blood lymphocytes and its modification — transimmunization (involving incubation of lymphocytes after UV exposure). The study aimed to compare and within a year assess the transimmunization and glatiramer acetate efficacy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A total of 19 adult patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, who had been prescribed transimmunization, were assessed. Patients over the age of 18, who did not receive treatment by other methods (DMDs for multiple sclerosis, etc.), were included in the study. The comparison group consisted of 48 adult patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, who were prescribed subcutaneous glatiramer acetate 20 mg daily. Clinical assessment was performed using EDSS. Brain and spinal cord MRI was performed in the 3.0 and 1.5 T scanners. When performing transimmunization, the decrease in the median overall EDSS score from 2 to 1.5 points was reported. In the comparison group of patients receiving glatiramer acetate, the median EDSS score changed from 1.75 to 2 points. Therefore, transimmunization is comparable with first-line DMDs for multiple sclerosis and can be used to stabilize the disease course.
VIEWS 350