Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Issue 4, 2025

Topic Chronic cerebral ischemia

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Issue 5, 2024

Topic Gut dysbiosis

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Issue 6, 2024

Topic Crigler-Najjar syndrome: approaches to therapy

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Issue 1, 2025

Topic microRNA

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Issue 2, 2025

Topic Salivary gland carcinoma

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Issue 3, 2025

Topic Delivery of anti-tumor pharmaceuticals

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New articles

Grechenko VV, Gromova TV, Ogurtsova AD, Muradyan TG, Zhuravleva ER, Gankovskaya LV

During the aging the immune system alterations are accompanied by developing the systemic, sterile inflammation: inflammaging. Successful and pathological aging phenotypes are distinguished. Inflammaging severity depends largely on the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, especially IL6 and IL10. The study aimed to conduct the analysis of IL6 and IL10 production in the cultures of the patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) as a possible approach to determining the aging phenotype. The data of elderly patients (n = 80), senile patients (n = 100), and centenarians (n = 30) were included in the study. Among those the groups were allocated with the successful and pathological phenotypes, along with the comparison group (young adults). The stimulation coefficient (SC) was assessed based on the ratio of the levels of stimulated and induced cytokine production. For the successful phenotype in elderly and senile individuals, as well as centenarians, a decrease in the IL6 SC to 5.3 [2.2–14.3] (p < 0.01), 5.3 [3.01–7.8] (p < 0.01), 6.5 [5.2–14.1], respectively, was reported, against the comparison group, where the value was 17.6 [13.7–31.1] (p < 0.05). With the pathological phenotype, the IL6 SC values of the studied age group showed no significant differences from that of the comparison group. For the successful phenotype in senile individuals, the increase in the IL10 SC to 6.9 [3.8–13.8] relative to the values of the group with the pathological phenotype — 3.3 [2.0–5.9] (p < 0.01) and the comparison group — 2.0 [1.9–2.2] (p < 0.001) was reported. In the group of centenarians with the pathological phenotype, there was a significant increase in the IL10 SC (11.2 [5.4–18.1] vs 2.7 [2.3–6.5] p < 0.001) in the group with successful aging, which can indicate the pronounced compensatory anti-inflammatory reserve being a factor of survival and long life in the context of the presence of a large number of age-related disorders in this group.

Received: 2025-08-03

Published online: 2025-08-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.041

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VIEWS 164

Kirshina AS, Shepelkova GS, Khlebnikova AS, Maslov AA, Kozlova AV, Kunyk DA, Yeremeev VV, Ivanov RA, Reshetnikov VV

The success of mRNA-based vaccine formulations against viral infections motivated many researchers to develop mRNA vaccines against bacterial infections. The development of new anti-tuberculosis vaccine is an urgent task since the only approved BCG vaccine is not effective enough in terms of infection prevention, despite the fact that it reduces the risk of severe disease. The study aimed to compare two anti-tuberculosis mRNA vaccines based on the classic linear mRNA (mRNA-MTBmEp-5-1) and circular RNA (circRNA-MTB-mEp-5-1) by immunogenicity and the capability of protecting I/St mice against M. tuberculosis infection. The efficacy of mRNA vaccines in the formulations with lipid nanoparticles was compared with the BCG efficacy. The findings suggest that immunization with the mRNA vaccine based on the linear mRNA resulted in the cell-based and humoral immune response (OD IgG = 0.36 ± 0.12) that was less pronounced than after BCG vaccination (OD IgG = 0.54 ± 0.14). At the same time, immunization with the mRNA vaccine and BCG ensured comparable reduction of bacterial load in the lung and spleen of experimental mice (CFU in lung tissue for BCG: 4.00 × 105 ± 2.13 × 105, p = 0.0068; mRNA: 4.72 × 105 ± 3.44 × 105, p = 0.0059; LNP: 4.91 × 106 ± 3.89 × 106, ns; PBS: 4.01 × 106 ± 1.69 × 106) and increased survival of mice after getting infected with M. tuberculosis. Immunization with the vaccine based on the circular RNA resulted in developing humoral mmunity only (OD IgG = 0.52 ± 0.13) and did not ensure protection after getting infected with M. tuberculosis (CFU in the lung for circRNA: 2.12 × 106 ± 5.30 × 105, p = 0.85). Thus, in our studies, anti-tuberculosis vaccines based on circular RNAs are inferior in effectiveness to formulations based on linear RNAs.

Received: 2025-07-22

Published online: 2025-08-26

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.040

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VIEWS 251

Dzhandarova TI, Tabunshchikova MO, Kubanov SI, Domenyuk DA

Moderate exercise not only has a positive impact on overall health, but also can serve as a rather accessible preventive measure for maintaining health, particularly the cardiovascular system health. The study aimed to assess the cardiovascular system adaptive capacity in chronic heart failure with moderate exercise in different age groups. Moderate exercise was induced in 6- and 19-month-old rats by forced swimming in a water bath at 32–34°C. During training, chronic heart failure was induced by intraperitoneal administration of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (Teva) at a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg, divided into 6 injections over 14 days. Serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide and corticosterone were determined by ELISA every seven days throughout the experiment in all rats. It was found that with chronic heart failure and moderate exercise, myocardial adaptation was significantly higher in both age groups. It was most pronounced in aging rats, as evidenced by the dynamic changes of serum natriuretic peptide levels throughout the experiment. In both fertile-age and aging rats, the body's adaptive capacity in the event of cardiac dysfunction with moderate exercise is higher than in the absence of training.

Received: 2025-08-07

Published online: 2025-08-23

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.039

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VIEWS 178

Fokin VF, Abaimov DA, Ponomareva NV, Medvedev RB, Konovalov RN, Lagoda OV, Krotenkova MV, Shabalina AA, Tanashyan MM

The study of the role of catecholamines (CAs) in cerebral organization of functions in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is relevant, since their important role as neurotransmitters is well known, along with the association with stress severity and cortisol. The study aimed to assess the impact of stable combinations of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NA), and adrenaline (ADR) on the organization of cerebral functions. A total of 76 patients with CCI were assessed based on the fMRI data (n = 21) converted into a network structure using the SPM-12 and CONN-18 software tools. Significance level estimation involved adjustment for multiple comparisons. Stable combinations of CAs reflecting mutual positive correlation of DA, NA and BP significantly affected cerebral organization of patients with CCI. CA combinations were associated with salivary cortisol (F = 4.8; p = 0.038) and memory (F = 7.5; p = 0.011) indices: the CA level increase was associated with increased cortisol levels and worse memory indices. Based on fMRI data the differences were revealed in connectivity organization of CCI patients with high and low levels of all three CAs. Patients with the CA content below median are characterized by the presence of closed neural networks extending to both brain hemispheres, which contributes to information integration and retention. It is assumed that such networks may be associated with the long-term potentiation mechanisms playing an important role in memory processes and changes in the synaptic connection strength. Thus, the use of non-invasive biochemistry testing methods and fMRI has made it possible to obtain new data on the ring organization of brain neural networks associated with stable CA combinations. Such neural network organization is likely to affect cognitive functions. High catecholamine levels in CCI patients are associated with increased cortisol levels, memory deterioration, and decreased connectivity in neural network of the brain.

Received: 2025-07-29

Published online: 2025-08-21

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.038

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VIEWS 219

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Popular articles

Fadeeva AA, Osipova ZM, Chepurnykh TV, Myshkina NM

Rodent neoplastic process models are extensively used in pre-clinical practice to assess the dynamics of tumor development and test anti-cancer drugs, which ensures flexibility of choosing both basic and advanced personalized tumor development models for researchers. Various modern model tumor imaging methods are considered, including fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging, which enable comprehensive assessment, from qualitative evaluation to in vivo monitoring. We believe that the development of autonomous bioluminescent systems in mammalian cells will provide new possibilities for noninvasive imaging of animal physiological processes, including long-term monitoring of tumor progression.

Received: 2025-03-04

Published online: 2025-03-27

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.015

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VIEWS 854

Nazarenko RV, Irzhak AV, Gvasalia BR, Pushkar DYu

Despite widespread use of methods to assess structure and functional activity of spermatozoa, practical application of those in in vitro fertilization programs is currently rather limited. Limitations are primarily due to destructive nature of the methods. The study aimed to investigate the capabilities of confocal Raman spectroscopy in analysis of the human sperm organelle biochemical markers. Assessment of 176 spectra of spermatozoa collected from healthy sperm donors aged 18–35 years was performed using the Bruker Senterra confocal Raman microscope (Germany). Spectra were acquired from the sperm acrosome, nucleus, and midpiece. In addition, the spermatozoa suspension was exposed to a focused x-ray beam. As a result, bands were identified inherent to the sperm nuclear DNA — 1092 cm–1 and 780 cm–1, typical for the head — 748 cm–1 (mitochondrial DNA marker); changes of shape of the triple band 420 cm–1, 1445 cm–1 and 1486 cm–1 with predominance of the middle part 1445 cm–1 are typical for acrosomal spectra. No differences in the main Raman bands nherent to cells post DNA damage under exposure to x-ray radiation for 5 and 10 min relative to intact samples were reported. Confocal Raman spectroscopy is a promising noninvasive method to assess sperm ultrasctructure and biochemical processes.

Received: 2025-02-22

Published online: 2025-03-31

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.016

Comments 0

VIEWS 812

Special Project Author's Work

Secrets of a quality research study and a good manuscript

At the end of 2015, Bulletin of RSMU saw an important change in its typographic design and content. We formulated new editorial policies and established strict ethical standards for submitted manuscripts in accordance with the guidelines of reputable international bodies. As a result, about a quarter of the submitted works have been rejected, the primary reason being the author trying to submit a previously published article. Sometimes authors believe that by making slight changes to the introduction, excluding a few people from the study, performing a new statistical analysis, and thus obtaining totally new results they will turn their old manuscript into a novel work. That is why we would like to talk about scientific integrity, honesty, plagiarism, and self-plagiarism in our special project “Author’s work”.

American physicist Richard P. Feynman, a Nobel laureate, was always very scrupulous about the quality of a research study. During his commencement address at the California Institute of Technology in 1974, he talked about scientific integrity and honesty and warned young researchers “not to fool” themselves. A must-read for anyone who believes he/she is a true scientist.

In 1918, Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, a Nobel laureate, delivered two lectures: on the mind in general and the Russian mind in particular; on those mind qualities that determine the success of a research work and on how these qualities are present in the Russian mind. Pavlov's thoughts are an effective vaccine against poor intellectual work.