Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Issue 1, 2026

Topic Miscarriage

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Issue 2, 2025

Topic Salivary gland carcinoma

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Issue 3, 2025

Topic Delivery of anti-tumor pharmaceuticals

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Issue 4, 2025

Topic Chronic cerebral ischemia

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Issue 5, 2025

Topic Age-related alterations in the immune system

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Issue 6, 2025

Topic Anxiety and depressive disorders

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PUBLICATION FEES

New articles

Kornilov DO, Simarzina VM, Bekhter AA, Maslakov GP, Nechaeva DM, Karyakina AE, Fadeev FA, Voroshilina ES, Zornikov DL

The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is a key regulator of cell growth, and its dysregulation is involved in oncogenesis. Existing methods for assessing mTOR activity have design flaws. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a novel multiplex RT-qPCR assay for relative quantification of mTOR gene expression normalized to RPLP0 and TBP. Primers and probes were designed in silico. Validation was performed using the human SCP-1 cell line. Specificity was assessed in 10 separate and 10 multiplex runs. Analytical sensitivity and efficiency were determined from 27 technical replicates using a protocol without an elongation step. Specificity of amplification was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and quantitative analysis was performed in real-time PCR using FAM (mTOR), HEX (RPLP0), and ROX (TBP) fluorescence channels. The assay showed 100% specificity. Stable detection was achieved at 125,000 cells/mL. Amplification efficiencies were 73–81%. The variation of mTOR expression normalized to RPLP0 ranged from –21.5% to 26.4%, and normalized to TBP from –14.3% to 19.2%. Normalization to the geometric mean of both reference genes provided the best reproducibility, with an interquartile range from –9% to 23.4%. The developed assay demonstrates high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, making it a reliable tool for subsequent clinical research.

Received: 2026-03-11

Published online: 2026-03-25

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.011

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VIEWS 146

Chichelnitsky AK, Savchenko DA, Kostina AS, Raklov DA, Zhuk ER, Buimova ES, Negodaeva AI, Ivanenko AO, Aduchieva VI

Hepatocellular adenoma is a rare benign liver tumor with the potentially unfavorable course due to the risk of hemorrhage and malignant transformation. Treatment depends on the mass subtype and size. Here we present a clinical case of hepatocellular adenoma in a woman of reproductive age developed against the background of the long-term use of oral contraceptives. The tumor sized 8 cm was detected accidentally during instrumental examination; morphological and immunohistochemistry assessment confirmed that it was a benign one without β-catenin mutation. Liver resection was performed. The case highlights the importance of careful monitoring of the patients during the long-term use of oral contraceptives, as well as of the timely surgical interventions in individuals with large hepatocellular adenomas to prevent hemorrhage and malignization.

Received: 2026-02-12

Published online: 2026-03-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.010

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VIEWS 133

Dementev IM, Gabitov MV, Timoshin SS, Kuzovlev AN, Grebenchikov OA

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy remains a leading cause of neonatal mortality and disability. Experimental data suggest potential neuroprotective properties of xenon; however, the mechanisms and extent of its effect are not fully understood. The study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective properties of a xenon-oxygen mixture in a neonatal ischemia-hypoxia rat model using MRI and follow-up neurological assessment. The experiment involved Wistar rat pups (n = 16). Neonatal ischemia-hypoxia was induced by the Rice–Vannucci method. Thirty minutes post-hypoxia, animals received the 60-min inhalation of either nitrogen-oxygen (control, n = 8), or 50/50 xenon-oxygen mixture (n = 8). Brain MRI was performed on day 7. In the xenon group, brain lesion volume was significantly reduced by 25% compared to controls on day 7 (p = 0.001). Neurological development was assessed from day 3 to 28 using a combination of behavioral tests. Xenon-treated animals demonstrated earlier formation of forelimb and hindlimb grasping reflexes (p = 0.025 and p = 0.005), better hindlimb placement and cliff avoidance on day 7 (p = 0.045 and p = 0.03), and better preserved auditory startle response on day 14 (p = 0.035). Thus, early administration of a xenon-oxygen mixture after ischemia-hypoxia exerts pronounced neuroprotection in newborn rats, confirmed by reduced brain damage and improved neurological outcomes.

Received: 2026-02-25

Published online: 2026-03-17

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.009

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VIEWS 177

Razenkova VA, Korzhevskii DE

The cerebrovascular disorder associated with arterial hypertension results in neuroinflammation, in which microglia and macrophages of the brain are actively involved. The study aimed to assess functional activity and immunophenotype of microglia and macrophages in the areas of brain barriers in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Specimens of the brain of male Wistar rats and SHR (age 3–4 months, n = 10) were used. The study involved the use of immunohistochemistry analysis and confocal laser microscopy. The presence of М2 activation (CD206) and phagocytic activity (CD68) markers in the population of microglia and macrophages was assessed. It was shown that the CD206 protein was present in perivascular cells, the counts of which were considerably increased in SHR (40.69 ± 4.87 cells per 1 mm2 vs. 28.73 ± 1.39 in Wistar rats; t-test, р = 0.0007). The quantitative analysis conducted allowed us to identify the upward trend of the share of phagocytic cells in the brain of SHR compared to Wistar rats. No changes in the CD68 protein distribution were found in SHR, therefore, activation of microglia and macrophages is not accompanied by the phagocytic activity increase. The findings suggest alternative activation of brain macrophages in neuroinflammation caused by arterial hypertension.

Received: 2026-02-04

Published online: 2026-02-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.008

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VIEWS 264

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Popular articles

Bilyalov AR, Chugunov SS, Akhatov ISh, Tikhonov AA, Shangina OR, Pavlov VN, Danilko KV, Galautdinov MF, Akbashev VN

The use of allogenic bone material as a ceramic filler for DLP printing makes it possible to obtain personalized complex-shaped implants combining the matrix biomimetic nature with the additive technology benefits. The study aimed to assess the possibility of using the calcined cortical bone allograft powder as part of photopolymerizable suspension for DLP printing and producing bioceramics with the characteristics comparable to that of synthetic hydroxyapatite by sintering. The bone allograft was subjected to multi-stage specialized treatment involving complete removal of cells with preservation of the intercellular matrix and collagen fiber structure. The calcined medical allograft was crushed, introduced into a photopolymerizable matrix, and used for DLP printing of the samples that were further sintered and analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy methods before and after additive production. The sintered material specific gravity was 81.5%, compressive strength — 75.8 MPa, tensile strength — 12 MPa, Young's modulus — 3.08 GPa, and Vickers hardness — 0.55 GPa, which was within the range of values for porous hydroxyapatite. After DLP printing and sintering the sample phase and elemental composition did not change considerably compared to the source calcined material. The calcined bone allograft powder is suitable for preparing photopolymerizable suspensions and subsequent DLP printing of ceramic samples without deteriorating the material phase and chemical stability. The resulting mechanical properties make it possible to consider this allogenic bone material as a promising candidate for production of personalized implants with sophisticated geometry.

Received: 2025-11-03

Published online: 2025-12-18

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.068

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VIEWS 1074

Kalinchuk AYu, Patskan IA, Stadelman MM, Grigoryeva ES, Tashireva LA

Understanding subtype-specific variability of functional programs in FAP+ tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) is fundamental for developing effective therapeutic strategies targeting stromal components. The aim of this study was to identify subtype-specific signaling pathways, markers, and molecular features of FAP+ TAFs. Using spatial transcriptomic analysis, we demonstrated that FAP+ TAFs in luminal breast cancer exhibit a phenotype characterized by extracellular matrix organization (GO:0030198, FDR q-value = 0.0307) and expression of genes associated with metastasis (COL10A1, MMP13, CXCL14, TSPAN8). In contrast, FAP+ TAFs in triple-negative breast cancer display a pronounced immunomodulatory phenotype with overexpression of immunosuppressive genes (CD36, PLA2G2A, CHI3L1) and enrichment of immune response-related pathways (immune response (GO:0006955, FDR q-value = 7.85e-17), inflammatory response (GO:0006954, FDR q-value = 2.79e-11), regulation of cytokine production (GO:0001817, FDR q-value = 3.39e-10)). We also identified subtype-specific gene signatures related to radioresistance: luminal A and B subtypes showed activation of DNA repair pathways (IGF1R, ERBB3, CRIP1), while triple-negative tumors demonstrated enrichment of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness markers (ZEB2, NOTCH4, FOXM1). These findings emphasize that FAP+ fibroblasts are not a homogeneous population but functionally specialize depending on tumor subtype — acting as stromal architects in luminal breast cancer and as regulators of immune response in triple-negative breast cancer.

Received: 2025-09-10

Published online: 2025-10-16

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.046

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VIEWS 1072

Special Project Author's Work

Secrets of a quality research study and a good manuscript

At the end of 2015, Bulletin of RSMU saw an important change in its typographic design and content. We formulated new editorial policies and established strict ethical standards for submitted manuscripts in accordance with the guidelines of reputable international bodies. As a result, about a quarter of the submitted works have been rejected, the primary reason being the author trying to submit a previously published article. Sometimes authors believe that by making slight changes to the introduction, excluding a few people from the study, performing a new statistical analysis, and thus obtaining totally new results they will turn their old manuscript into a novel work. That is why we would like to talk about scientific integrity, honesty, plagiarism, and self-plagiarism in our special project “Author’s work”.

American physicist Richard P. Feynman, a Nobel laureate, was always very scrupulous about the quality of a research study. During his commencement address at the California Institute of Technology in 1974, he talked about scientific integrity and honesty and warned young researchers “not to fool” themselves. A must-read for anyone who believes he/she is a true scientist.

In 1918, Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, a Nobel laureate, delivered two lectures: on the mind in general and the Russian mind in particular; on those mind qualities that determine the success of a research work and on how these qualities are present in the Russian mind. Pavlov's thoughts are an effective vaccine against poor intellectual work.