Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Issue 3, 2026

Topic Meckel's diverticulum

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Issue 4, 2025

Topic Chronic cerebral ischemia

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Issue 5, 2025

Topic Age-related alterations in the immune system

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Issue 6, 2025

Topic Anxiety and depressive disorders

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Issue 1, 2026

Topic Miscarriage

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Issue 2, 2026

Topic Postmenopause

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New articles

Kareem AT

The evolution of multi drug-resistant bacterial diseases enforces the need for new botanical anti-microbiological drugs. Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng), is often used in traditional medicine; however the pharmacognosic effects and extraction efficiency need to be affirmed meticulously. The study aimed at qualitative phytochemical profiling and physicochemical standardization of M. koenigii leaf powder by aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic solvent systems, conducted for the first time. MICs were measured by microdilution to determine antibacterial activities against a panel of clinically relevant pathogens; the disc diffusion method was used for microbiological analysis. Tukey's post-hoc test was used after one-way ANOVA to examine statistical differences. Physicochemical examination showed a total ash value of 15.4% ± 0.3% w/w and a low moisture content of 4.2% ± 0.3% w/w. we detected bioactive secondary metabolites, including as tannins, alkaloids, and, flavonoids were validated by phytochemical screening, with alcoholic solvents showing higher extraction yields than water. The ethanolic extract showed strong antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis (21.0 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (21.0 mm) in disc diffusion experiments, but the aqueous extract was totally inactive (0.0 , p < 0.001). Bacillus sp. and Streptococcus mutans showed the lowest MIC values for the ethanolic extract (0.156 mg/mL). These results validate M. koenigii's potential development as a natural therapeutic agent by establishing pharmacognosic quality markers for the plant and showing that its ethanolic extract contains extremely powerful antibacterial agents, especially effective against Gram-positive clinical isolates.

Received: 2026-07-18

Published online: 2026-08-31

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.047

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VIEWS 38

Kerimov KB, Ivanov AS, Tananakina TP, Kashchenko SA, Pogorelova IA

The meniscus degeneration pathogenesis is important for understanding and developing new treatment methods; it includes biochemical, structural, and microcirculatory alterations affecting all joint structures. The study aimed to perform in vitro assessment of the effects of standard and photoactivated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the IL6, IL17A concentrations, expression of COL2A1 and CD95 apoptosis marker in human meniscus fibrochondrocytes in the IL1β-induced inflammation. The human knee meniscus cartilage tissue was collected from 12 somatically healthy donors aged 18 to 35 years for the experiment. Cells were divided into four groups: the first was intact (control), the second, third, and fourth ones were exposed to IL1β to induce degenerative alterations; the second one was supplemented with 0.9% NaCl, the third one with donor PRP, and the fourth one with photoactivated PRP. Parameters were determined after 48 h. Statistical analysis was performed in GraphPad Prism 9. The rm-ANOVA was used for related groups. Data were presented as mean ± SD, at p < 0.05. IL6 (79.6 ± 4.3 pg/mL vs. 28.4 ± 2.1 pg/mL), IL17A (42.8 ± 2.5 pg/mL vs. 14.2 ± 1.0 pg/mL), CD95 (28.5 ± 2.2% vs. 6.8 ± 0.7%) levels increased in group II compared to group I; COL2A1 levels decreased from 1.00 ± 0.08 to 0.42 ± 0.0). IL6 levels decreased to 55.1 ± 3.4 pg/mL, IL17A — to 29.4 ± 2.1 pg/mL, CD95 — to 17.2 ± 1.5%, and COL2A1 levels increased to 0.71 ± 0.06 in group III compared to group II. IL6 levels decreased to 38.2 ± 2.6 pg/mL, IL17A — to 18.6 ± 1.7 pg/mL, CD95 — to 9.4 ± 0.8%, and COL2A1 levels increased to 0.94 ± 0.07 (p < 0,05) in group IV compared to group III. Standard PRP has a positive effect on meniscus tissue in vitro after 48 h. The effect is enhanced after the PRP exposure to red light.

Received: 2026-06-27

Published online: 2026-08-26

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.046

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VIEWS 38

Sharko FS, Prokopenko AV, Izotova AO, Toshchakov SV

Genotype imputation makes it possible to considerably reduce the cost of whole-genome data acquisition preserving the information value, but its accuracy depends directly on the availability of a high-quality phased reference panel of haplotypes. The existing panels for Macaca mulatta cover mostly the Indian species lineage and do not reflect the genetic structure of laboratory populations of mixed origin. This retrospective bioinformatics study aimed to produce and validate a phased reference panel based on the consolidation of publicly available whole-genome datasets from 618 M. mulatta individuals of both geographic lineages processed in accordance with the common standardized protocol. The resulting panel includes 33,457,491 SNP markers. Validation on samples of Indian and Chinese origin with ultra-low coverage (0.1x–0.9x) confirmed high imputation accuracy, which was highest for the Indian lineage dominant in the panel. Testing on 10 independent samples with the 0.6x coverage showed a high average imputation reliability score (INFO = 0.898). The created resource opens the prospects for cost-effective genotyping of large M. mulatta cohorts and provides the basis for whole-genome association and population genetic studies in domestic and foreign primate research centers.

Received: 2026-07-14

Published online: 2026-08-21

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.045

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VIEWS 115

Yusef OV, Ibragimov BR, Klimenko MP, Gerasimova AA, Aimetdinova AB, Marnat EG, Abramov DD, Klimenko PA, Kurtser MA

Missed abortion is one of the most prevalent forms of early pregnancy loss that remains a pressing issue of obstetrics and gynecology. Despite advances in reproductive medicine, the molecular mechanisms underlying the embryo development termination in early gestation are poorly understood. A comparative singlecenter study aimed to assess the expression of TGF-β and MMP-9 genes in peripheral blood of women with physiological and missed abortion and assess their potential prognostic value for evaluation of the risk of early pregnancy loss. A total of 40 pregnant women were included in the study: 20 patients with the 9–11 week physiological pregnancy (control group) and 20 women diagnosed with missed abortion (index group). The TGF-β and MMP-9 gene expression was determined by the real-time polymerase chain reaction method after the total RNA isolation from peripheral blood. The Mann‒Whitney U-test and ROC analysis were used for statistical data processing. No significant differences in the TGF-β and MMP-9 gene expression between the studied groups were revealed. At the same time, ROC analysis made it possible to determine the threshold values of the studied indicators having some diagnostic information content. As for MMP-9, the threshold value Ct ≤ 29 ensuring the 80% sensitivity and 60% specificity turned out to be the most informative. As for TGF-β, the threshold value Ct ≤ 27.4 was characterized by the 75% sensitivity and 70% specificity. The findings suggest the potential prognostic value of the studied genes for evaluation of the risk of missed abortion.

Received: 2026-06-24

Published online: 2026-08-18

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.043

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VIEWS 191

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Popular articles

Kornilov DO, Simarzina VM, Bekhter AA, Maslakov GP, Nechaeva DM, Karyakina AE, Fadeev FA, Voroshilina ES, Zornikov DL

The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is a key regulator of cell growth, and its dysregulation is involved in oncogenesis. Existing methods for assessing mTOR activity have design flaws. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a novel multiplex RT-qPCR assay for relative quantification of mTOR gene expression normalized to RPLP0 and TBP. Primers and probes were designed in silico. Validation was performed using the human SCP-1 cell line. Specificity was assessed in 10 separate and 10 multiplex runs. Analytical sensitivity and efficiency were determined from 27 technical replicates using a protocol without an elongation step. Specificity of amplification was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and quantitative analysis was performed in real-time PCR using FAM (mTOR), HEX (RPLP0), and ROX (TBP) fluorescence channels. The assay showed 100% specificity. Stable detection was achieved at 125,000 cells/mL. Amplification efficiencies were 73–81%. The variation of mTOR expression normalized to RPLP0 ranged from –21.5% to 26.4%, and normalized to TBP from –14.3% to 19.2%. Normalization to the geometric mean of both reference genes provided the best reproducibility, with an interquartile range from –9% to 23.4%. The developed assay demonstrates high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, making it a reliable tool for subsequent clinical research.

Received: 2026-03-11

Published online: 2026-03-31

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.011

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VIEWS 942

Balashova MS, Zhuchenko NA, Tuluzanovskaya IG, Glotov OS, Senina OS, Ignatova TM, Asanov AYu

For several decades, Wilson’s disease (WD) has remained the focus of attention for a wide range of specialists, including hepatologists, general practitioners, neurologists, geneticists, etc. However, despite significant advances in understanding its molecular basis, establishing clear correlations between the genotype and clinical phenotype of the disease remains a key unresolved issue. The study aimed to identify patterns between genetic variants in the ATP7B gene and the WD clinical manifestations using next-generation sequencing. The data from 81 WD patients, who were followed up between 2015 and 2019, were used in the study. Molecular genetic testing of biomaterial (blood) samples was performed by NGS. The analysis of the molecular genetic testing results using targeted NGS revealed 31 pathogenic variants. The following variants were the most frequent: c.3207C>A (p.His1069Gln) — 51.85% alleles, c.3190G>A (p.Glu1064Lys) — 8.64% alleles, and c.3402delC (p.Ala1135fs) — 6.17% alleles. A moderate correlation between genotype and phenotype was established: pathogenic variants (nonsense, frameshift, splicing) in the homo- or compound heterozygous state are associated with severe liver damage, severe degree of cirrhosis, and lower cholinesterase levels. The data obtained emphasize the importance of molecular genetic diagnosis for clarifying the diagnosis of WD and predicting the disease severity.

Received: 2026-02-24

Published online: 2026-04-01

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.012

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Special Project Author's Work

Secrets of a quality research study and a good manuscript

At the end of 2015, Bulletin of RSMU saw an important change in its typographic design and content. We formulated new editorial policies and established strict ethical standards for submitted manuscripts in accordance with the guidelines of reputable international bodies. As a result, about a quarter of the submitted works have been rejected, the primary reason being the author trying to submit a previously published article. Sometimes authors believe that by making slight changes to the introduction, excluding a few people from the study, performing a new statistical analysis, and thus obtaining totally new results they will turn their old manuscript into a novel work. That is why we would like to talk about scientific integrity, honesty, plagiarism, and self-plagiarism in our special project “Author’s work”.

American physicist Richard P. Feynman, a Nobel laureate, was always very scrupulous about the quality of a research study. During his commencement address at the California Institute of Technology in 1974, he talked about scientific integrity and honesty and warned young researchers “not to fool” themselves. A must-read for anyone who believes he/she is a true scientist.

In 1918, Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, a Nobel laureate, delivered two lectures: on the mind in general and the Russian mind in particular; on those mind qualities that determine the success of a research work and on how these qualities are present in the Russian mind. Pavlov's thoughts are an effective vaccine against poor intellectual work.