Protection and improvement of reproductive health of the population of Russia depends on the complex approach to these issues. An interdisciplinary approach to the problem of health care in reproductive health can improve diagnosis, the development of preventive and therapeutic measures, blurring the lines between basic and applied research. The problems of the scientific substantiation of a system of risk management of high risk professions workers' reproductive health as a basis for the health of the posterity and proposed preventive measures for the purpose of improving the demographic climate in the country are considered in the article.