The model for quantifying health risks of long anthropogenic impacts of high intensity on a human being, as well as a long-term social stress and psycho-emotional tension in the society was presented. The model describes the time-relative decrease in the volume of compensatory reserves of the organism, its adaptive capacity, increase probability of regulation disorders and mortality as a final. These changes deteriorate the health status at the population level. In the article statistical data on the changes in the rates of morbidity, mortality and the life expectancy of people from different Russian regions during the period of 1970–2011 were analyzed. The data on the character of changes in the population health in Russia and other countries depending on the income level and the degree of social and psycho-emotional stresses was discussed.