Preterm delivery (PD) is one of the central challenges faced by contemporary obstetrics. There has been growing evidence of the role of the innate immune response in triggering infection-associated preterm labor. Our study aimed to investigate the local immune status of women in different PD scenarios. The study enrolled 77 pregnant women; 25 of them constituted the control group (delivery at term). The experimental group was divided into two subgroups based on the PD type: Subgroup 1A included 28 women with spontaneous premature rupture of membranes in the absence of active labor, and Subgroup 1B included 24 women who went into genuine preterm labor. Cervical scrape specimens were collected from all patients to determine the level of expression of the following innate immunity genes: IL1B, IL10, IL18, TNFa, TLR4, GATA3, CD68, and B2M. The tests were performed using the ImmunoQuantex assay by DNA-Technology, Russia. Compared to the genuinely preterm women from Subgroup 1B and the controls, the women with premature rupture of membranes demonstrated statistically significant reduction in the expression of TLR4 and GATA3 and a higher inflammatory index (Me = 99.5 %, p < 0.01). No significant differences in these parameters were observed between Subgroup 1B and the controls. The revealed differences in the local immunity profiles of women indicate that pathways leading to the scenarios of premature labor studied in this work are not the same.