State-of-the-art rehabilitation equipment offers a wide range of static and dynamic exercise programs for fall prevention by improving balance control during standing or walking. Our study aimed to provide a rationale for the use of the BalanceTutor rehabilitation treadmill to improve static and dynamic balance in patients who had suffered an acute cerebrovascular accident. The study included 72 patients with postural balance impairments in their late recovery period. In the experimental group, center of pressure (COP) sway area and COP velocity decreased significantly, measured with patients’ eyes opened (р = 0.0476 and р = 0.0176, respectively) and closed (р = 0.0072 and р = 0.0037, respectively). At the end of the rehabilitation program, we observed a statistically significant increase in the electromyographic signal amplitude on the stroke-affected side of the body in m. peroneus longus (р = 0.0117), consistent with the regained muscle strength in the lower extremities of the affected body side measured by McPeak and Veyss 6-point scales. Tinetti gait and balance scores also improved (р = 0.0513 and р = 0.0274, respectively). Thus, the use of the BalanceTutor treadmill in the rehabilitation of poststroke patients proves to be effective and reasonable.