ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Association of polymorphic variants of ACE and BDKRB2 with heart rate variability in athletes of the Republic of Karelia
1 Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology,KarRC RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia
2 Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Pathophysiology and Histology, Medical Institute,Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
3 Research Group for Math-Modeling of Biomedical Systems,Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
Correspondence should be addressed: Sergey Kolomeichuk
ul. Nevskogo, d. 50, Petrozavodsk, Russia, 185910; ur.relbmar@kuhcyemolok_yegres
Funding: this work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises (the Umnik program) and the state-funded Project No. 0221-2014-0034.
Acknowledgements: the authors thank Olga Fedorenko, CSc, of the Institute of Biology, KarRC RAS, for her valuable comments.
Contribution of the authors to this work: Kolomeichuk SN — analysis of literature, research planning, data collection, analysis, and interpretation, drafting of a manuscript; Alekseev RV — selection of athletes, participation in collection of data about heart rate variability, statistical processing and discussion, research planning, data analysis and interpretation, drafting of a manuscript; Putilov AA — data analysis and interpretation, drafting of a manuscript; Meigal AYu — research planning, participation in collection of data about heart rate variability, statistical processing and discussion.
- Mohrman DE, Heller LJ. Cardiovascular Physiology. 4th ed. Minnesota: McGraw-Hill, Inc.; 1997.
- Dembo AG, Zemtsovskiy EV. Sportivnaya kardiologiya: Rukovodstvo dlya vrachey. Leningrad: Meditsina; 1989. 464 p. Russian.
- Linde EV, Ahmetov II, Orjonikidze ZY, Asratenkova IV, Fedotova AG. [Clinical and genetic aspects for «pathologic sport heart» pathogenesis in elite athletes]. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki. 2009; (2): 32–7. Russian.
- Pokhachevskiy AL, Mikhaylov VM, Gruzdev AA, Petrovitskiy AA, Sadkov AV, Kolesov NV, et al. Funktsional'noe sostoyanie i adaptatsionnye rezervy organizma. Vestnik Novgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2006; (35): 11–5. Russian.
- Aubert AE, Seps B, Beckers F. Heart Rate Variability in Athletes. Sports Med. 2003; 33 (12): 889–919.
- Belova EL, Rumyantzeva NV. [Interrelation of parameters of a rhythm of heart and some characteristics of training and competitive loadings of the elite ski-racers]. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki. 2009; (5): 22–5. Russian.
- Belotserkovskiy ZB. Ergometricheskie i kardiologicheskie kriterii fizicheskoy rabotosposobnosti u sportsmenov. Moscow: Sovetskiy sport; 2009. Chapter 6; p. 191–217. Russian.
- Ahmetov II, Fedotovskaya ON. Sports genomics: Current state of knowledge and future directions. Cell Mol Exerc Physiol. 2012 Sept; 1 (1): e1. doi:10.7457/cmep.v1i1.e1.
- Williams AG, Dhamrait SS, Wootton PT, Day SH, Hawe E, Payne JR, et al. Bradykinin receptor gene variant and human physical performance. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Mar; 96 (3): 938–42.
- Williams AG, Folland JP. Similarity of polygenic profiles limits the potential for elite human physical performance. J Physiol. 2008 Jan 1; 586 (1): 113–21.
- Akhmetov II. Molekulyarnaya genetika sporta. Moscow: Sovetskiy sport; 2009. Chapter IV; p. 109–13. Russian.
- Rogozkin VA. [Decipher of human genome and sport]. Teorija i praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury. 2001; (6): 60–3. Russian.
- Montgomery HE, Clarkson P, Dollery CM, Prasad K, Losi MA, Hemingway H, et al. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism with change in left ventricular mass in response to physical training. Circulation. 1997 Aug 5; 96 (3): 741–7.
- Tsianos G, Sanders J, Dhamrait S, Humphries S, Grant S, Montgomery H. The ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and elite endurance swimming. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004 Jul; 92 (3): 360–2.
- Montgomery HE, Marshall R, Hemingway H, Myerson S, Clarkson P, Dollery C, et al. Human gene for physical performance. Nature. 1998 May 21; 393 (6682): 221–2.
- Nazarov IB, Woods DR, Montgomery HE, Shneider OV, Kazakov VI, Tomilin NV, et al. The angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism in Russian athletes. Eur J Hum Genet. 2001 Oct; 9 (10): 797–801.
- Patel S, Woods DR, Macleod NJ, Brown A, Patel KR, Montgomery HE, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and the ventilatory response to exertional hypoxia. Eur Respir J. 2003 Nov; 22 (5): 755–60.
- Zhang X, Wang C, Dai H, Lin Y, Zhang J. Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and exercise performance in patients with COPD. Respirology. 2008 Sep; 13 (5): 683–8.
- Myerson S, Hemingway H, Budget R, Martin J, Humphries S, Montgomery H. Human angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene and endurance performance. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 Oct; 87 (4): 1313–6.
- Braun A, Kammerer S, Maier E, Böhme E, Roscher AA. Polymorphisms in the gene for the human B2-bradykinin receptor. New tools in assessing a genetic risk for bradykinin-associated diseases. Immunopharmacology. 1996 Jun; 33 (1–3): 32–5.
- Ostrander EA, Huson HJ, Ostrander GK. Genetics of athletic performance. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2009; 10: 407–29.
- Ahmetov II, Fedotovskaya ON. Current Progress in Sports Genomics. Adv Clin Chem. 2015; 70: 247–314.
- Brull D, Dhamrait S, Myerson S, Erdmann J, Woods D, World M, et al. Bradykinin B2BKR receptor polymorphism and left-ventricular growth response. Lancet. 2001 Oct 6; 358 (9288): 1155–6.