Acknowledgements: the authors would like to thank F.N. Gilmiyarova, D. Sc. (Med.), Professor at the Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry with Laboratory Diagnosis, Samara State Medical University, for her help in manuscript writing, editing, and design.

Author contribution: Smirnov SV — literature review, data acquisition in the field of fundamental bioorganic chemistry; Kuznetsova OYu — research data interpretation, manuscript writing; Postnikov MA — manuscript design.