The relevance of the proposed study is due to the need to find solutions in reducing the vulnerability of elderly and seniors to deception and fraudulent actions. The purpose of the study is to assess the cognitive correlates of deception recognition in the elderly and seniors. The sample size was 87 elderly and senile subjects (60–89 years old) — 38 men and 49 women. Research methods: MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment); Sally–Anne test; Pragmatic intervention short stories Winner's Task; experimental method Read the Mind in the eye (RMET); Dembo–Rubinstein self-esteem scale; trust self-esteem scale. Based on the findings of the study, the cognitive correlates of deception recognition in the elderly and seniors were identified. It is reliably found that with age, as ageing progresses regardless of education level, there is a decline in cognitive level, which, in general, is natural in the process of normative ageing. These changes lead to a decrease in the level of understanding of the mental model, which in turn makes it more difficult to recognise emotions and increase trust. The empirical study supported the hypothesis that there is a correlation between cognitive level and the ability to recognise deception. The lower the general cognitive level, the worse the deception is recognised and the more trusting a person becomes.