Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee: Pirogov University.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY).

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Assessment of the features of innate lymphoid cells in patients with multiple myeloma

Pashkina EA1,2, Boeva OS1, Borisevich VI1,2, Abbasova VS1,2, Skachkov IP1,2, Lazarev YaA1, Denisova VV1
About authors

1 Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia

2 Faculty of Medicine, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia

Correspondence should be addressed: Ekaterina A. Pashkina
Yadrintsevskaya, 14, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia; ur.xednay@a.e.anikhsap

About paper

Funding: financial support from the Government of the Novosibirsk Region, Agreement #ML-1 of October 26, 2023.

Author contribution: Pashkina EA, Denisova VV — study planning and design, Denisova VV — selection of participants, collection of clinical data; Borisevich VI, Abbasova VS, Skachkov IP, Lazarev YaA — data collection and study execution; Pashkina EA, Boeva OS — data analysis and interpretation, manuscript drafting; Pashkina EA — text editing.

Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (Minutes #145 of April 19, 2024). All participants signed the voluntary informed consent form.

Received: 2024-12-02 Accepted: 2025-02-14 Published online: 2025-02-25
|

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignant tumor, the morphological substrate of which are plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin. This is one of the most common tumors of lymphoid origin. It is known that during oncogenesis, the immune balance shifts towards suppression of the antitumor immune response. Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are one of the key factors influencing the said balance. This study aimed to assess the features of ILC in MM patients. The peripheral blood levels of ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3, as well as the expression of HLA-DR on ILC 2, were measured with the help of flow cytometry. We found that MM patients (n = 14; 7 male and 7 female, mean age 59.2 ± 2.08) had significantly more ILC2 in the peripheral blood, with the content thereof amounting to 63.1 ± 4.51% among "helper" ILC, while in donors the proportion of ILC2 was 43.2 ± 6.17% (p = 0.03). MM patients were also found to have a decreased amount of ILC2 that express HLA-DR: the proportion of such cells was only 2.2 ± 1.53%, compared to 15.6 ± 5.29% in donors (p = 0.003). The results of this study point to the shift in the immune balance and polarization of the immune response towards type 2 (T2), which may contribute to the suppression of the antitumor immune response.

Keywords: multiple myeloma, innate lymphoid cells, antigen presentation, immune balance

КОММЕНТАРИИ (0)