ISSN Print 2500–1094
ISSN Online 2542–1204
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)
Copyright: © 2026 by the authors. Licensee: Pirogov University.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY).
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY).
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Assessment of the immunogenicity of classic and self-amplifying RNA-based antiviral therapeutics for influenza
About authors
1 Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
2 Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
Correspondence should be addressed: Vasiliy V. Reshetnikov
Olimpiysky prospekt, 1, Sochi, 354340; Russia; e-mail: ur.hepsuitnalat@vv.vokintehser
About paper
Funding: the study was supported by grant of the state programme of the Sirius Federal District: Scientific and Technological Development of the Sirius Federal District (Agreement No. 3-03 dated 18 February 2025).
Acknowledgements: the authors express their gratitude to O.O. Vasilieva and I.A. Skvortsov from the Sirius University of Science and Technology for the formulation of RNA into lipid nanoparticles.
Author contribution: Kunyk DA, Kurchenko OM, Reshetnikov VV — study design, preparation of mRNA vaccines, data interpretation, manuscript writing; Mazunina EP — planning and conducting animal experiments; Mukasheva EA, Ignatieva AV, Kirillova ES — serological testing (HAI assay); Reshetnikov VV, Ivanov RA, Gushchin VA — manuscript editing.
Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology (protocol No. 94 dated 20 May 2025). All procedures involving animals were compliant with the ethical standards approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia and with the principles of the International Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Every effort was made to minimize animal suffering and reduce the number of animals used.
Received: 2026-04-10
Accepted: 2026-05-23
Published online: 2026-06-08
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Fig. 1. Physicochemical parameters of RNA-LNPs. А. Analytical characteristics of lipid nanoparticles. B. Capillary electrophoresis of saRNA and mRNA after particle destruction. The expected saRNA length is indicated by a dotted arrow. C, D. Particle size distribution by dynamic light scattering: mRNA and saRNA, respectively
Fig. 2. Immunization schedule and HAI assay results. А. Experimental design. B. Graph of the geometric mean antibody titers in the groups of mice immunized with PBS, mRNA, saRNA, and Ultrix Quadri 20 days after the first immunization. C. Graph of the geometric mean antibody titers in the groups of mice immunized with PBS, mRNA, saRNA, and Ultrix Quadri 21 days after the second immunization (* — p < 0.05; * * — p < 0.01; * * * — p < 0.001; * * * * — p < 0.0001; Dunn's test).
