Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Dergachova DI, Klein OI, Marinichev AA, Gessler NN, Bogdanova ES, Smirnova MS, Isakova EP, Deryabina YI

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with a number of disorders (diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases), and can also be induced by drugs or toxic compounds. Recently the important branch of medicine is the search for effective means of prevention and treatment of fatty hepatosis. Our work was aimed to study the effect of some biologically active natural polyphenols (resveratrol and pinosylvin stilbenes as well as dihydromyricetin dihydroflavonol) on the function and histologic features of the liver. In the experimental model of thioacetamide-induced toxic hepaptitis, the male rats of the Wistar line daily received the effective doses of polyphenols intragastically by gavage together with 0.05% thioacetamide added to drinking water. All studied polyphenols contributed to stabilization of rat weight and a two-fold significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the level of direct bilirubin in the blood serum of animals treated with thioacetamide. Histological analysis of the liver confirmed a decrease in inflammation and hemorrhage in animals treated with polyphenols amid continued administration of thioacetamide for 30 days. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the natural polyphenols which belong to the classes of dihydroflavonols (dihydromyricetin) and stilbenes (resveratrol and pinosylvin) have a positive effect on liver function in the experimental model of toxic hepatosis. The studied polyphenols can be considered as potential hepatoprotective drugs used as a part of the liver diseases complex therapy.

Received: 2019-10-26

Published online: 2019-11-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.075

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VIEWS 3137

Tsitsiashvili MSh, Shipovskiy VN, Monakhov DV, Chelyapin AS, Huseynov AB

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is one of the few available options for treating complications of portal hypertension in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases. Over time, shunt patency can become compromised, causing a recurrence of such complications. The clinical case presented below demonstrates the potential of TIPS and illustrates the use of an endovascular reintervention for re-establishing shunt patency, which improves the life expectancy of patients, as well as their quality of life.

Received: 2019-10-24

Published online: 2019-11-17

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.074

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VIEWS 2932

Broutian AG, Belyakova-Bodina AI, Dolgova SM, Pushkar TN, Abramova AA

Sleep is an important activator of epileptiform activity, with epileptiform discharge (ED) probability varying among sleep stages. The aim of our study was to analyze the association between epileptiform activity and sleep stages or wakefulness in adults with temporal discharges. We analyzed 32 long-term overnight EEG recordings. All focal discharges were marked, and the entire sleep was staged. Absolute general epileptiform discharge index (EDI), defined as a ratio of total ED number to the full recording time in hours, as well as absolute EDIs for REM, N1, N2 and N3 stages were calculated. The majority of patients (28) had the highest EDI in N3. EDI increased significantly while sleep progressed to deeper stages, reaching its peak in N3. In REM sleep, EDI sharply declined (p < 0.01) reaching the levels of wakefulness. Increasing synchronization of cortical neurons is thought to be the major mechanism of EDI rise in NREM sleep. Hence, N3 seems to be the most sensitive stage to capture EDs, which highlights the importance of deep sleep recording in patients with temporal epilepsy.

Received: 2019-08-23

Published online: 2019-11-07

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.073

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VIEWS 3263

Mikelov AI, Staroverov DB, Komech EA, Lebedev YuB, Chudakov DM, Zvyagin IV

Mechanisms of maintenance of immunological memory in the chronic course of seasonal allergic rhinitis remain poorly understood. The detailed understanding of these mechanisms is required for design of new approaches for allergy treatment. It is known that the level of allergen-specific IgE antibodies (sIgE), which play a key role in the development of the disease, is increased in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis during pollination season. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of serum IgE levels and characteristics of the clonal repertoire of IgE-secreting lymphocytes depending on the intensity of the patient's contact with the allergen. For three patients, allergic to birch pollen (22, 22, and 28 y.o.), we measured total IgE and birch pollen specific IgE levels at 6 time points with 2 week interval during the birch pollination season. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH) clonal repertoire data for several B-cell subpopulations at different time points were obtained for one patient. We observe growth of the sIgE level (91%, 37%, and 64% compared to the baseline) at the peak of pollination season in all three donors. Initial increase in sIgE and IgE levels coincides with the birch pollination initiation; sIgE and total IgE levels correlate with the birch pollen air level (sIgE: R2 = 0.98 at p < 0.05; total IgE: R2 = 0.95 at p < 0.05). We detected IgE clonotypes only in samples obtained during the birch pollination, which indicates an increase of IGE-expressing cells concentration during this period. The frequency of IgE clonotypes was extremely low compared to that of the clonotypes of other isotypes (IgE — 0.01%, IgM — 48.4%, IgD — 14%, IgG — 17.4%, IgA — 19.8%). Hypermutation and phylogenetic analysis of the sequences from the 13 detected IgE-containing clonal groups showed that these IgE clonotypes could originate from IgG as a result of sequential isotype-switching.

Received: 2019-10-09

Published online: 2019-10-31

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.072

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VIEWS 3271

Bruk TM, Terekhov PA, Litvin FB, Verlin SV

In the context of strengthening the fight against doping and limiting the use of synthetic pharmaceuticals, the effective remedies to increase physical performance and accelerate the recovery of athletes are being sought. One of such remedies is exposure to low-level laser radiation (LLLR, LLLT). The study was aimed to investigate the physiological response of highly qualified female rowers’ functional systems to the LLLR irradiation course. To monitor the body of athletes, we used laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), mathematical analysis of heart rate, neuroenergy mapping, as well as pedagogical testing using the Concept 2 simulator. After irradiation of the neck in the projection of the carotid arteries with pulsed infrared LLLR, the blood perfusion rate increased by 38% (р < 0.05) and cell oxygen utilization rate increased by 48% (р < 0.05). The decrease in the hemoglobin oxygen saturation by 16% (р < 0.05) was also observed. Due to LLLT, the activity of the autonomous regulation mechanism increased with an increase in the total power of the heart rate variability spectrum (TP) by 41% (р < 0.05), and in high-frequency power (HF) by 73% (р < 0.05). The influence of central mechanism decreased with a decrease in amplitude mode (AMo) by 71% (р < 0.05), and in stress-index (SI) by 175% (р < 0.05). Irradiation by LLLR promoted the efficiency of oxygen delivery to certain cerebral cortex areas with the increase of SPL. Аfter LLLT, the speed of 2000 meters distance "passing" by athletes also increased by 3.32% (p > 0.05). The discovered effects of LLLT allow one to expand the range of physiotherapeutic agents that enhance the special physical performance of athletes and accelerate recovery.

Received: 2019-09-30

Published online: 2019-10-31

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.071

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VIEWS 3156

Kazakova AV, Uvarova EV, Limareva LV, Trupakova AA, Mishina AI

At present, there is a paucity of research studies that comprehensively investigate the factors causing vulvovaginitis in young females. The aim of this work was to propose an algorithm for predicting the risk of vulvovaginitis in young girls and adolescents. The study recruited 252 healthy girls, who were stratified into a few groups depending on their sexual development on the Tanner scale. The composition of vaginal microbiota was determined in all the participants using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); distribution of allele and genotype frequencies was assessed for the polymorphic variants of genes coding for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Based on the obtained data, we created a functional model for predicting the risk of vulvovaginitis in girls at different stages of sexual development. Favorable risk factors for Tanner I girls included predominance of obligate anaerobes in vaginal microbiota and the polymorphic IL10 variant (С-819Т) homozygous for TT. The sensitivity of the model was 80%, its specificity was 78%. Favorable risk factors for prepubertal and pubertal girls included predominance of aerobes in the composition of vaginal microbiota and the presence of the TT allele in the polymorphic IL10 gene variant (С-3953Т). The sensitivity of the model was 58.3%, whereas specificity, 94.1%. This study provides the rationale conforming with the principles of evidence-based medicine for using prevention measures in the groups at risk for vulvovaginitis at young age. The proposed measures allowed us to reduce the relapse rate of bacterial vulvovaginitis threefold.

Received: 2019-09-27

Published online: 2019-10-29

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.070

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VIEWS 3202

Balanovsky OP, Petrushenko VS, Gorin IO, Kagazezheva ZhA, Markina NV, Kostryukova ES, Leybova AN, Maurer AM, Balanovska EV

Prediction of eye and hair color from DNA is being increasingly employed in forensics and the studies of ancient populations. HIrisPlex-S is a prediction tool trained on the Dutch dataset and verified using a few other European populations. The accuracy of its predictions for other regions of the world has not been studied yet. Russian populations pose a special interest because, unlike the majority of world populations, their representatives can have not only dark but also light color eyes and hair. The aim of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of eye and hair color prediction in Russian populations. We recruited 144 representatives of indigenous peoples of Russia (Avar, Aleut, Buryat, Itelmen, Karelian, Koryak, Mari, Nanai, Russian, Rutulian, Chuvash, Chukchi, Evenk, and Even populations). All study participants were photographed. Eye and hair colors were identified from the anthropological images by anthropologists. The SNP markers included in the HIrisPlex system were genotyped. Phenotypes were predicted from the obtained genotypes and subsequently compared to the actual phenotypes. Quality metrics were calculated for HIrisPlex prediction accuracy in the populations of European Russia and Siberia. On the whole, HIrisPlex prediction accuracy was satisfactory, although a bit lower than in Western European datasets. Further research could focus on identifying additional markers to improve the accuracy of predictions in Russian populations.

Received: 2019-10-22

Published online: 2019-10-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.069

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VIEWS 3334

Shradqa AS, Kumar V, Frolov MA, Dushina GN, Bezzabotnov AI, Abu Zaalan KA

Glaucoma is one of the main causes of irreversible blindness in the Russian Federation and it is the leading cause of visual impairments among working age population. The primary goal of glaucoma therapy is to preserve the visual function, which is mainly achieved through persistent normalization of IOP by instillation of hypotensive drugs, laser therapy and/or surgery/ In this clinical study safety and efficacy of a glaucoma surgical technique implying valve cyclodialysis ab externo with implantation of a non-absorbable collagen implant (NACI) (Xenoplast, Dubna-Biofarm, Russia) in the supraciliary space were evaluated. All patients exhibited moderate and severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The efficacy assessment criterias were intraocular pressure (IOP) dynamics, use of hypotensive medications, need for repeat surgical intervention and complications. A total of 26 patients (26 eyes) were operated upon and under observation. Twelve months after surgery, 34% IOP decrease from the baseline level was observed: from 29.5 ± 6.8 to 18.8 ± 4.3 mmHg. The amount of hypotensive medications used reduced from 2.8 ± 0.9 to 0.6 ± 0.9. Applying the criteria recommended by the World Glaucoma Association, complete success was registered in 73.1% of patients and partial success — in 26.9% patients. No surgery ended in a failure through the follow-up period. Post-operatively, one patient developed hyphema, 2 patients had some blood elements in aqueous humor and 1 patient had shallow anterior chamber (AC). The suggested surgical technique proved to be an efficient and safe way to decrease IOP and reduce the number of hypotensive medications and had a minimal number of complications associated with the surgery, therefore it can be recommended as a method of choice in patients with advanced stage POAG.

Received: 2019-08-16

Published online: 2019-10-23

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.068

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VIEWS 3172