Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Yakovleva AV, Yakovlev AA, Petrova MV, Krylov KYu

76.72% of patients admitted to the ICU of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology (FRCC ICMR) in a chronic critical condition (CCC) associated with various types of damage to the brain were diagnosed with decubitus ulcers (DU), or bedsores, of 3rd and/or 4th stage. 33.41% of them were planned to undergo invasive rehabilitation procedures (neurosurgical intervention) that cannot be done while the patient has DU. This report describes a complex technique used to treat a 4th-stage sacrum DU in a CCC patient that needed ventriculoperitoneal shunting. We have covered contraindications to the exclusively surgical DU closing and the successful and rapid healing of the 4th-stage sacrum DU after application of the treatment technique.

Received: 2019-03-28

Published online: 2019-05-18

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.035

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VIEWS 3449

Kozina AA, Shatalov PA, Baranich TI, Artemieva SB, Kupriyanova AG, Baryshnikova NV, Krasnenko AYu, Ilinsky VV, Sukhorukov VS

Congenital core myopathies are a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of congenital myopathies that share a specific histopathological feature: areas of reduced oxidative activity in muscle fibers. The relationship between clinical, genetic and morphological characteristics of this group of disorders remains understudied. The aim of this work was to compare clinical presentations and morphological phenotypes of patients with congenital myopathies/myodystrophy to the data yielded by massively parallel exome sequencing. Eight children were included in the study: 2 boys and 6 girls aged 3 to 14 years. Their biopsy material was analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Sequencing was performed on HiSeq2500. Mutations were detected in 7 (87.5%) of 8 participants. Six children had 8 mutations in the genes associated with congenital core myopathies; one patient had 2 mutations in the LAMA2 gene implicated in merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy. The proportions of patients with mutations in RYR1 and SEPN1 were equal (42.86%). Of 10 detected mutations, 3 had not been previously described, including c.7561G>A in RYR1, c.485C>A in SEPN1 and p.Cys1136Arg in LAMA2. The clinical and morphological features of core myopathies suggest that genetic causes of this group of disorders should not be limited to RYR1 and SEPN1 genes only. This necessitates the search for and the study of other genes implicated in congenital myopathies or myodystrophy using state-of-the-art molecular genetic tools.

Received: 2019-02-07

Published online: 2019-05-01

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.034

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VIEWS 3511

Takhchidi KhP, Kachalina GF, Kasmynina TA, Tebina EP

Process of development of epiretinal membrane (ERM) on the retinal surface of macular area is one of the important problems associated with vitreoretinal pathologies. Up to the present day, there has not been developed an effective method to arrest fibrosis at the early stages of its development. This study aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of the new combined laser technique designed to treat early idiopathic ERM (stages 0–1). Ninety-two patients aged 64.7 ± 9.6 years (mean) participated in the clinical research. They were divided into three groups: treatment group (n = 32), patients whose ERM was treated following the new combined laser technique; comparison group (n = 30), patients who underwent grid laser coagulation; control group (n = 30), no treatment, observation of the natural course. Based on the results of examination of the patients, we assessed uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness, central retinal sensitivity. Assessed against the results registered in comparison and control groups, the developed combined laser treatment technique applied in the treatment group proved to be highly effective in maintaining/improving visual functional indicators and stabilizing/improving morphofunctional indicators throughout the entire period of observation. As pertains to the morphological and functional structures of sensory retina, the technique enabled retinal sensitivity improvement at different stages of observation, which reflects its safety and efficacy.

Received: 2019-03-18

Published online: 2019-04-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.033

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VIEWS 3213

Takhchidi KhP, Zheltov GI, Kachalina GF, Kasmynina TA, Tebina EP

An epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a product of abnormal cell proliferation on the inner surface of the retina and at the vitreomacular interface. Laser therapy is an interesting modality for treating pathologies of the vitreomacular interface. The wise choice of laser settings (wavelength, exposure time, power) minimizes damage to the retina and ensures a good therapeutic effect. This could be a serious impetus to the development and refinement of laser technologies for treating ERM. This work investigates the biophysical response of structural retinal components, including the dynamics of temperatures and acoustic oscillations, protein denaturation, and stimulation of tissue regeneration, to a quasi-cw laser beam and a subsequent series of laser micropulses. The manuscript also analyzes the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of the proposed laser therapy in patients with ERM.

Received: 2019-03-01

Published online: 2019-04-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.032

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VIEWS 3482

Egiazaryan KA, Gordienko DI, Starchik DA, Lysko AM

Unstable pelvic ring fractures are one of the common causes of death of patients with concomitant injuries. The existing methods applied to treat such conditions can cause a number of complications and have contraindications. We have described a successful clinical case of intrapelvic hemorrhage arrest in a patient with multiple injuries. in this case, we applied the new method combining minimally invasive angioembolization and easily applicable and effective balloon tamponade.

Received: 2019-03-03

Published online: 2019-04-29

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.031

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VIEWS 3535

Stepanenko IS, Yamashkin SA, Kostina YuA, Slastnikov ED, Batarsheva AA

The antimicrobial activity of novel compounds is tested by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of the agent in question and investigating a few other parameters, including the type of antimicrobial action the drug exhibits. The aim of this study was to determine the type of antimicrobial action of the compounds synthesized from the substituted benzaminoindoles. The strain of Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 6538-Р was briefly exposed to the compounds with laboratory codes 5D, 7D, HD, and S3. Bacterial growth was evaluated macroscopically under transmitted light. Additionally, photoelectric colorimetry was applied to monitor changes in the optical density of the culture medium. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the studied compounds delayed bacterial growth for 2–3 days and had a bacteriostatic effect on S. aureus.

Received: 2018-11-21

Published online: 2019-04-22

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.030

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VIEWS 3443

Tlustenko VP, Bayrikov IM, Trunin DA, Komlev SS, Zhestkov AV, Lyamin AV

The problem of complications arising after dental implantation is still relevant. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of various types of removable appliances and dental implants on the oral microbiocenosis during orthopedic treatment of 64 people: 12 patients of the first index group, 40 patients of the second index group and 12 people of the control group. 6 months after the implants were installed, as a result of a microbiological study of the oral cavity, the differences were found in the qualitative composition of the microflora of the mucous membrane around the neck of the dental implant. In the first index group representatives of normal microflora prevailed. In 100% of cases Streptococcus vestibularis was isolated, from more than half patients S. oralis, S. mitis, Rothia mucilaginosa were isolated, S. gordonii was isolated from one patient. In the second index group, a significant diversity of microbial species was observed, including enterobacteria, which were isolated from 22.5% of the examined patients. In the control group, in addition to representatives of the normal microflora of the oral mucosa S. vestibularis (75.5%), S. oralis (50.0%), Neisseria subflava (66.7%) and Haemophylus parainfluenzae (50.0%) were found. From all patients of the control groups S. gordonii was isolated, as well as the other potentially pathogenic streptococci species, S. anginosus and S. constellatus by 66.7%. The type of removable appliances and dental implants used affects the microflora composition of the oral cavity, and, consequently, the further prognosis and the risk of complications. Collapsible dental implant supported removable prosthetic appliances with a metal frame and fixing elements, telescopic crowns and clasps less than other types of prosthetic appliances change the qualitative composition of the microflora of the oral mucosa around the neck of the dental implant.

Received: 2019-01-27

Published online: 2019-04-19

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.029

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VIEWS 3504

Kliuchnikova AA, Moshkovskii SA

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a common mechanism of post-transcriptional modification in many metazoans including vertebrates; the process is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Using high-throughput sequencing technologies resulted in finding thousands of RNA editing sites throughout the human transcriptome however, their functions are still poorly understood. The aim of this brief review is to draw attention of clinicians and biomedical researchers to ADAR-mediated RNA editing phenomenon and its possible implication in development of neuropathologies, antiviral immune responses and cancer.

Received: 2018-08-13

Published online: 2019-04-17

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.028

Comments 0

VIEWS 3279