Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Pobozhieva LV, Skvortsov-Igralov GA, Bocharova YuA, Kopetskiy IS, Chebotar IV

The inflammatory periodontal disease pathogenesis is determined by microorganisms of the oral cavity. Along with the well-studied periodontopathogens, microbial agents of unproven clinical significance, including epibiotic bacteria, are found in individuals with gingivitis and periodontitis. The study aimed to determine the association between the Nanosynbacter lyticus epibiont and inflammatory periodontal diseases. Conservative DNA sequences specific for the genera Nanosynbacter, Schaalia and the Bacteria domain were identified using PCR in 47 study participants (31 females and 16 males) aged 18–45 years. The results were expressed as indices determining the quantitative relationships between N. lyticus and Schaalia spp. (NS index), as well as between N. lyticus and representatives of the Bacteria domain (NB index). Schaalia spp. were not found in a large share (11/27, 40.7%) of patients with no periodontitis. All patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis, as well as 75% of patients with mild periodontitis were carriers of Schaalia spp. All the Schaalia-positive samples from patients with periodontitis showed higher NS indices (p < 0.05) compared to Schaalia-positive samples from patients with no periodontitis: the median NS values were Ме = 0.89 (0.79; 0.93) and Ме = 0.63 (0.00; 0.73), respectively. The patients suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis had significantly higher NB indices (Ме = 0.83 (0.79; 0.85)) (p < 0.05) compared to patients with no periodontitis, Ме = 0.67 (0.00; 0.81).

Received: 2024-10-07

Published online: 2024-11-22

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2024.050

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VIEWS 516

Yamgutdinov RR, Mukhamadeev TR, Ahmadeev RR, Mochalov KS

Investigation of the mechanisms underlying retinal photodamage occurring during vitreoretinal interventions is a topical issue of ophtalmology. The study aimed to assess the effect of endoillumination of varying intensity and duration on alteration of oxidative processes in rabbit blood. The experiment involved 16 rabbits, with their retinas exposed to endoillumination of different duration (30 and 60 min) and intensity (8 and 16 cd/m2). Blood samples were collected from the rabbits’ ear vein before and after light exposure. Whole blood and serum biochemiluminescence was measured in order to assess oxidative processes. The data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U-test, and the results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. A 30-minute light exposure resulted in a significant increase in whole blood biochemiluminescence: 1.5-fold at the intensity of 8 cd/m2 and 2.5-fold at the intensity of 16 cd/m2 relative to control values (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced reactive oxygen species generation by blood cells. In contrast, a significant decrease in serum biochemiluminescence was revealed: 1.2-fold at the intensity of 8 cd/m2 and 2-fold at the intensity of 16 cd/m2 compared to control (p < 0.05) , which likely indicates a compensatory increase in antioxidant activity in response to hyperactivation of free radical processes. With the 60-minute exposure, the changes in biochemiluminescence were more pronounced: 3- and 7-fold increase in whole blood biochemiluminescence and 2- and 3-fold decrease in serum biochemiluminescence, respectively. Thus, intense light exposure resulted in the oxidative process alterations determined by the intensity and duration of exposure.

Received: 2024-09-30

Published online: 2024-11-15

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2024.049

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VIEWS 510

Glazunova EV, Kurnosov AS, Zlobovskaya OA

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant neoplasms that occupies the leading position in terms of cancer mortality. The main problem of CRC is that the disease is diagnosed at the advanced stages (about 50% of cases identified are stage III and IV CRC), which results in high mortality. Dysbiotic gut microbiota alterations represent one of the key risk factors of CRC. Three hypotheses of CRC emergence were formulated in order to explain the relationship between dysbiosis and carcinogenesis: “alpha-bug”, keystone pathogen, and driver–passenger hypotheses. The driver–passenger model is the most promising, it divides bacteria into “drivers” of cancer triggering inflammation and cell damage and the passenger bacteria modeling tumor microenvironment, accelerating tumor growth, and exacerbating dysbiosis. Drivers and passengers can be markers of various carcinogenesis stages. Colonoscopy involving examination of the surface of the rectum and colon is the most effective method to detect CRC, including the early stage disease. However, the wide use of this procedure is limited by the fact that it is associated with discomfort for patients and the risk of possible sequelae. Non-invasive microbiota assessment based on the driver–passenger model can become a safe and affordable alternative to the invasive diagnostics during preventive screening, since it makes it possible to improve survival rate due to involvement of a larger number of patients.

Received: 2024-10-15

Published online: 2024-10-31

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2024.046

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VIEWS 485

Plotnikova MA, Bobkov DE, Klotchenko SA

Human MxA protein induced by type I and III interferons is an important innate immunity mediator, it shows antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of RNA and DNA viruses. According to the latest data, the MxA protein overexpression increases chemotherapy sensitivity and represents one of the favorable prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer. The exogenous mRNA capable of intracellular MxA protein production not only has the potential for treatment of viral respiratory infection, but also can become an important fundamental research tool. The study aimed to construct and produce the exogenous mRNA encoding the functional human cytoplasmic MxA protein by in vitro transcription (IVT); to study its translational properties; to assess and identify the patterns of the expression of some interferon system genes in response to introduction of this exogenous mRNA into cells. As a result of the study, the exogenous mRNAs capable of effective translation (up to 20 ng/mL of protein from 100 ng of mRNA per well of the 96-well plate) in the eukaryotic cell systems were successfully constructed and produced by IVT (in the amount of up to 200 µg); diffuse distribution of the MxA protein in the MDCK cells was confirmed; significant changes in the expression of the interferon-stimulated genes, such as OAS1, PKR (EIF2AK2), MDA5, RIG-I, were revealed. Our further research will be focused on assessing the developed exogenous mRNAs’ therapeutic potential against influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

Received: 2024-09-30

Published online: 2024-10-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2024.048

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VIEWS 457

Zlobovskaya OA, Kurnosov AS, Sheptulina AF, Glazunova EV

Recently, considerable commercialization of services for quantification of gut microbiota aimed to diagnose dysbiosis, the microbial imbalance, is observed. In the context of growing interest to the personalized approaches in medicine and preventive therapy, the diagnosis of dysbiosis is becoming increasingly important. The results of such screening are used to adjust guidelines on correction of the diet, lifestyle modification, or, where necessary, drug therapy prescription. Such assessment requires a reliable and accurate method for evaluation of microbiota, since validity of further recommendations and therapeutic interventions depends on the quality of the data obtained. The paper reports the main aspects of the two approaches used for microbiota quantification: 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (16S NGS) and real-time PCR (qPCR). The strengths (from our perspective) and weaknesses of the approaches are also provided.

Received: 2024-10-15

Published online: 2024-10-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2024.047

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VIEWS 466

Reshetnikov VV, Shepelkova GS, Rybakova AV, Trashkov AP, Yeremeev VV, Ivanov RA

mRNA vaccines turned out to be highly effective in combating the COVID-19 pandemic and other viral infections. Despite extensive study of mRNA vaccines in the last five years, the issue of safety of their use is still relevant. The study aimed to assess immunogenicity of two anti-tuberculosis mRNA vaccine doses in female and male rats 2 and 4 weeks after vaccination. Hematological and biochemical parameters of blood were determined within the same timeframe. The dose-dependent nature of mRNA vaccine immunogenicity was confirmed in both females and males. Vaccination led to moderate lymphopenia and neutrophilia in male rats, as well as to apparent dose-dependent and sex-related changes in blood biochemistry parameters at various time points. The findings suggest moderate toxicity of the anti-tuberculosis mRNA vaccine and the importance of assessing its toxic effects at various time points in animals of both sexes.

Received: 2024-09-16

Published online: 2024-10-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2024.045

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VIEWS 603

Ponomarev GYu, Agdzhoyan AT, Potanina AYu, Adamov DS, Balanovska EV

Khanty and Mansi are small indigenous peoples of Western Siberia with the unique cultural, anthropological, and linguistic characteristics. The study of their gene pool will make it possible to reconstruct the genetic structure of the Ugric-speaking population, of which in modern times only Khanty and Mansi remain, along with Hungarians, in whose gene pool there are traces of medieval migration of the Ugric-speaking Magyars. The detailed characterization of the gene pool of Khanty and Mansi is important for reconstruction of Ugric populations and genetic history of the region. The study was aimed to assess representative samples of Khants (n = 83) and Mansi (n = 74) based on the standard panel of 60 SNP markers and the extended panel of 74 Y-chromosomal SNP markers by statistical and cartographic methods in the context of indigenous population of Urals and Western Siberia. The differences between the gene pools of Khanty and Mansi have been revealed based on both standard panel of Y chromosome haplogroups and branches of haplogroups N2 and N3a4. Most of the Khanty gene pool is evenly distributed between N2-Y3195 (26%), N2-VL67 (23%), and N3a4-Z1936 (23%). The “Western” branch N2-Y3195 predominates in the Mansi gene pool (69%). Mansi gravitate towards populations of the Urals-Volga region in the multidimensional genetic space. Based on the standard panel of Y haplogroups, Khanty are close to the populations of Western and South Siberia. However, the analysis of branches N3a4 has shown that Khanty are intermediate between the “Uralic” and “Siberian” clusters: when the ancestors of Khanty moved from the Ural region to the northeast, these acquired both genetic components. The gene geographic maps of 10 haplogroup N3a4 branches in the populations of Urals and Western Siberia reflect the dynamic changes of the gene pool that took place 4–2 kya.

Received: 2024-09-09

Published online: 2024-10-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2024.044

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VIEWS 559

Sukhov DA, Kholoshenko IV, Petrova TV, Romanenko GA, Myshkin MYu, Kost VYu, Trofimov DYu, Usman NYu, Barsova EV

The novel ribonuclease inhibitor LoRI is a 63 kDa recombinant protein optimized for high-throughput expression in E. coli and purification by metal chelate affinity chromatography (IMAC). The product was obtained by N-terminal fusion of mouse placental RNase inhibitor polypeptide to a thioredoxin module. Advantage of the engineering strategy in terms of protein structure and function was predicted in silico. Under laboratory settings, the yield of purified soluble recombinant product was about 12 mg per 1 L of expression bacterial culture. By RNase inhibition capacity in vitro, the product is comparable or superior to a commercial reference. The kinetic data comply with Lineweaver-Burk model.

Received: 2024-09-02

Published online: 2024-10-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2024.043

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VIEWS 543