Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Shemshuk MI, Korotky VN, Serov DN, Kochetkov MA, Stenko AG, Korotkiy NG

Traditionally, anti-age therapies employ ultraviolet radiation and exposure to ozone, nitric oxide and electromagnetic fields. Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma (NTAPP) combines the effects of all those techniques. The aim of our study was to assess the feasibility of low-dose NTAPP application in anti-age facial skin therapy. Ten female patients aged 50 to 55 years were examined and three facial zones were chosen for the experiment: the T-zone (the central part of the forehead) and the “crow’s feet” areas on the right and left sides of the face. Ultrasonography was performed on the DUB SkinScaner before the treatment course and 24 hours after the last treatment. Cleansed skin was exposed to a low-energy NTAPP helium jet generated by the HELIOS system (Plasma Research and Production, Russia). Exposure time was 5 min per zone. Each participant received 10 NTAPP procedures on alternate days. Before therapy, the skin condition in all participants fitted into morphotype 3. Ultrasonography of the studied zones revealed a considerable deformation of the skin surface, a thickening of the epidermis with a distinct border between the epidermis and the dermis, a slight thinning of the dermis, its relatively homogenous echogenicity, and a blurred border between the dermis and the hypodermis. After the course was completed, all patients demonstrated an evener skin surface, reduced epidermal thickness and reduced acoustic density of the epidermis and the dermis; the dermis tended to have above average thickness. The most significant changes were observed for the wrinkles: they became less pronounced in the “crow’s feet” area. Exposure to NTAPP caused the epidermal corneum to diminish in thickness; it also stimulated microcirculation and improved the condition of the hydrolipidic film, all of which ultimately led to the effacement of wrinkles. Treatment produced no adverse effects on the skin or its appendages.

Received: 2018-03-15

Published online: 2018-06-23

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.018

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VIEWS 3754

Kalinsky EB, Chernyaev AV, Slinyakov LYu, Lychagin AV, Kalinsky BM, Goncharuk YuR

The health of the cervical spine (CS) and the functional state of the pectoral girdle are interdependent. Injuries to the pectoral girdle can be an underlying cause of CS pain, including cervicalgia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the condition of the cervical spine in patients with cervicalgia developed after a pectoral girdle injury using radiographic and physical examinations. The study included 400 patients complaining of cervicalgia. Pain intensity was evaluated on the visual analog scale (VAS); the impact of the condition on patients’ lives was assessed using the Neck Disability Index (Russian language). During physical examinations, the general health of the spine was evaluated and abnormalities in the cervical spine were noted. All participants underwent a radiographic scan of the cervical spine in the lateral and anterior-posterior projections; 49.5% of patients underwent postural digital radiography to evaluate their CS sagittal profile. All patients received an MRI scan. Based on the results, we identified certain functional changes in the cervical spine which possibly caused cervicalgia. Structurally and functionally, the changes were divided into static and dynamic. We conclude that cervical spinal pain is a common problem among patientswith previous pectoral girdle injury.

Received: 2018-03-15

Published online: 2018-06-16

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.017

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VIEWS 3600

Zaychikova MV, Zakharevich NV, Chekalina MS, Danilenko VN

CRISPR-Сas systems are widespread in bacteria and archaea. They provide adaptive immunity against bacterial phages and plasmids and exert a few important functions like regulation of gene expression, DNA repair or virulence formation. We have analyzed the CRISPR-Cas systems of 7 Mусоbacterium tuberculosis lineages with fully sequenced genomes, namely Beijing, B0/W-148, EAI, Haarlem, Ural, LAM, and S. The CRISPR-Cas systems present in the analyzed genomes belong to type III-A. M. tuberculosis lineages differ in their CRISPR-Cas structure; in the Beijing lineage a part of the system is reduced. We have conducted a search for the functionally related partners and compensatory mechanisms of cas-genes using a method of phylogenetic profiling. The obtained phylogenetic profiles show that some genes have undergone similar evolutionary events. The reduction of the system’s part in the Beijing lineage was accompanied by at least two evolutionary losses and one acquisition of genome regions. Exploration of alternative CRISPR-Cas functions in M. tuberculosis and their possible associations with other gene systems remains an exciting challenge.

Received: 2018-03-15

Published online: 2018-06-09

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.016

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VIEWS 3948

Rabadanova AK, Shalina RI, Gugushvili NA

There are a few major factors determining the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF), including the potential of embryos to implant and the receptivity of the endometrium, which, in turn, are directly dependent on the ovarian reserve, i.e. the quality and quantity of oocytes. Diminished ovarian reserve can be inferred from reduced blood flow to the uterus on Doppler sonography. Based on the results of 3D power Doppler imaging of uterine blood flow on the day of ET and Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL), we attempted to predict the outcomes of IVF and embryo transfer (ET) in 56 female patients with different ovarian reserves. Blood flow was measured in the uterus, subendometrial region and endometrium, and IVF cycle outcomes were subsequently assessed. We have established an association between the characteristics of uterine and subendometrial blood flow and the outcomes of IVF cycles and ET. No such association has been established for the endometrium, though. Therefore, a 3D power Doppler examination on the day of embryo transfer provides valuable information on the endometrium receptivity and can be used as a prognostic marker of IVF success.

Received: 2018-03-18

Published online: 2018-06-01

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.015

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VIEWS 3721

Bulatova LS, Solomatina AA, Kareva EN, Kotsyubinskaya NA

A molecular marker for the risk of endometriosis recurrence can help to customize a post-operative treatment plan for an individual patient. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of genes coding for estradiol (mER, ERα, ERβ) and progesterone (PGRmC1, mPR, РR-А, PR-B) receptors in first-time and relapsing patients with ovarian endometriosis. Our study included 94 women of reproductive age with ovarian endometriosis: 82 first-time and 12 relapsing patients. The expression of genes coding for steroid receptors was measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Recurrent conditions were characterized by a change in the expression of estrogen receptors and unchanged expression of progesterone receptors. Expression of mER in the tissue of patients with first-time endometriosis was 15.09 ± 1.18. Patients undergoing recurrence demonstrated a 3-fold increase in mER expression (from 15.09 ± 1.18 to 44.45 ± 9.1). Also, in such patients ERβ expression was 5 times higher increasing from 11.71 ± 0.22, which is an average value for first-time patients, to 10.02 ± 3.81, while ERα expression surged 7-fold from 10.47 ± 1.05 to 1.68 ± 0.55 (p < 0.05). Transcription of the studied receptors in the pathological tissue depended on the stage of the disease: in relapsing patients expression of estradiol receptors underwent some changes, while expression profile of progesterone receptors remained unchanged. Sensitivity of endometrial tissue to gestogens is clinically important and serves as a basis for a successful hormone-based relapse prevention.

Received: 2017-10-30

Published online: 2018-04-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.014

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VIEWS 3691

Egiazaryan KA, Lazishvili GD, Ratjev AP, Shukyur-Zade ER

Dislocation of the lateral end of the clavicle (LEC) constitutes over 26% of all dislocations, 11% of sports injuries and over 10% of acute injuries to the shoulder girdle, ranking 3rd after elbow and wrist joints dislocations. The majority of surgical techniques used to repair fresh injuries to the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) do not account for its anatomy and biomechanics, resulting in postoperative instability of the joint in both vertical and horizontal planes. The aim of this study was to propose a highly effective technique for the surgical treatment of acute injuries to ACJ ensuring a better recovery of its function. Below we present the results of 112 patients who underwent minimally invasive acromioclavicular joint reconstruction. The outcome was very good in 111 patients (99.1%). The proposed technique helps to avoid damage to the biomechanics of the joint and to fully restore its anatomy within short time.

Received: 2017-11-20

Published online: 2018-04-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.013

Comments 0

VIEWS 3494

Morozova TE, Lukina MV, Andrushishina TB, Chukina MA

Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) involves administration of antimicrobial agents (AMA) to patients undergoing a surgical intervention and aims to reduce the risk of postoperative infectious complications, especially at surgical sites. In the present work we assess efficiency and safety of AMA used for prevention of postoperative infectious complications. In the course of our study we pre-analyzed 576 medical histories of post-op patients aged 18 to 87 years (mean age М ± SD was 57.4 ± 14.5 years), of which 347 (60.2%) were male and 229 (39.8%) female. Only 481 histories were selected for final analysis. We assessed the choice of antibacterial therapy, the frequency of adverse reactions (AR) and infectious complications and the type of the latter. PAP regimens were consistent with the official guidelines in 207 (43.04%) cases. PAP recommendations were ignored in 274 cases (56.96%), and the timing was wrong in 364 cases (75.7%). Incorrect dosages were administered in 225 cases (46.8%). We also discovered an association between irrational PAP regimens and 1) the length of patient’s stay in the intensive care unit (р = 0.003 and р < 0.005), 2) the frequency of reoperations associated with infection (р = 0.001), 3) mortality rates (р = 0.002), and 4) isolation of strains with multidrug resistance (р = 0.016). We conclude that PAP regimens for the inpatients of surgical wards are often compromised by failure to comply with the official guidelines, wrong timing and incorrect dosage, which negatively affects hospital statistics.

Received: 2017-12-29

Published online: 2018-04-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.012

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VIEWS 3759

Shmigol TA, Sobianin KA, Prusak-Glotov MV, Shchelykalina SP, Nevezhin EV, Yermolaeva SA, Negrebetsky VV

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative to conventional therapies of infections. It can kill drug-resistant bacteria without damaging host tissues. In the present work we use the multiresistant strain PA21 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to model a wound infection in mice and study the effect of PTD mediated by aqueous solutions of the anionic photosensitizer merocyanine 540 (solubilized in water and in 0.25 M sodium chloride) on bacterial decontamination and wound healing. To assess a therapeutic effect of PDT, we monitored bacterial contamination of the wound, measured the wound size in two planes using a caliper and carried out a histopathological examination of infected tissue sections. Our study reveals that PDT mediated by MC540 in the sodium chloride solution can induce bacterial death, inhibit bacterial re-growth and accelerate wound healing.

Received: 2018-01-20

Published online: 2018-04-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.011

Comments 0

VIEWS 3614