Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Lyadova IV, Panteleev AV, Nikitina IYu, Radaeva TV

Development of new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines and host-oriented therapy requires understanding mechanisms mediating protective antituberculous immunity. Antigen-specific Th1 lymphocytes have long been considered as the main correlate of TB protection. However, recent data do not confirm this concept. This article discusses debatable issues concerning the role for Th1 lymphocytes in antituberculous immunity, as well as their use as correlates of protection in preclinical and clinical studies assessing the effectiveness of new candidate TB vaccines.

Received: 2018-05-29

Published online: 2018-08-21

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.036

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VIEWS 3954

Kunafina TV, Chuchalin AG, Belevsky AS, Mescheryakova NN, Kalmanova EN, Kozhevnikova OV

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are unable to do physical exercises included into standard pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a good alternative for such patients as it does not aggravate shortness of breath. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of short-term NMES of the quadriceps femoris muscle on the physical activity of patients with COPD. Our prospective open randomized study was carried out in 36 patients distributed into two groups. The main group was administered NMES for 10 days. On day 10 clinical and functional parameters, as well as adverse events, were evaluated. On admission to hospital, the groups did not differ in terms of the studied parameters. Following the treatment course, the main group significantly improved their step count and electromyography results (418.5 (86.0; 815.0) vs. 226.7 (48.0; 660.0), p = 0.02, and 463.0 (122; 804) vs. 210.5 (64; 481), p = 0.0001, respectively). The patients scored much less on the Mmrc and Borg scales and the CAT-test: 22.8 (18.0; 34.0) vs. 28.4 (26.0; 34.0), p = 0.00007; 2.7 (2.0; 4.0) vs. 3.1 (3.0; 4.0), p = 0.03; and 6.3 (5.0; 7.0) vs. 7.2 (6.0; 9.0), p = 0.0002, respectively. No adverse events were registered in the main group. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that shortterm NMES of the quadriceps femoris muscle improves physical activity, the quality of life and ability to do physical exercise in patients with COPD providing them with a good alternative to standard rehabilitation programs.

Received: 2018-05-19

Published online: 2018-08-17

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.035

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VIEWS 4164

Reutov AA, Aronov MS, Kushel YuV

Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas make up only 0.22% of all fistulas. This article reports a postoperative arteriovenous fistula in a female patient who initially presented with a vestibular schwannoma and was operated using the retrosigmoid approach. Undesired clinical symptoms developed after the patient had been discharged home, and included pulsatile tinnitus, which intensified when the patent tilted or turned her head. The diagnosis was established based on cerebral angiography findings during the second hospital stay. This case report describes complications of retrosigmoid craniotomy, clinical manifestations of the arteriovenous fistula and successful fistula embolization.

Received: 2018-01-19

Published online: 2018-08-15

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.034

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VIEWS 3916

Gaydina TA, Dvornikov AS, Skripkina PA, Arutyunyan GB

Nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn (NSJ) is a benign skin lesion, a hamartoma typically localized to the face or scalp and equally common in men and women. Pluripotent epithelial cells that give rise to NSJ provide a favorable environment for benign and malignant tumors to form in the nevus. Because of the possibility of malignant transformation, NSJ should be removed after puberty. If surgery is impossible, long-term observation is indicated. In this work we present two cases of successful NSJ treatment with the CO2 laser in young patients.

Received: 2018-05-05

Published online: 2018-08-14

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.033

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VIEWS 4642

Sidorenko AS, Zheltukhin AO, Le TH, Soboleva AV, Lipatova AV, Golbin DA, Chumakov PM

Natural non-pathogenic and vaccine strains of human enteroviruses are currently considered as promising agents capable of treating various kinds of cancer, including glioblastoma multiforme, the most aggressive brain tumor with so far no effective therapy. Enteroviruses can selectively replicate in cancer cells and cause tumor lysis. However, the ability of enteroviruses to persist in tumor tissue for a long period of time and to replicate in several successive cycles while spreading from cell to cell remains largely unclear. This study aimed to determine the possibility of completely destroying subcutaneous mouse xenografts of human glioblastomas through a single intravenous administration of virus-carrying peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as to find out the duration of persistence of the virus in the body of experimental animals in the context of viral therapy. Neurospheres were formed in vitro by incubating fragments of patients-derived glioblastomas and used to initiate subcutaneous tumors in immunodeficient mice. It was established that human peripheral blood leukocytes infected in vitro can effectively deliver Coxsackie A7 virus to the tumor cells. A single injection of 2 × 104 virus-infected leukocytes led to a gradual regression of tumors, while the virus presence was constantly detectable in the blood of mice, up to the complete regression of the tumors. The study allows to make the conclusion that blood leukocytes can effectively deliver Coxsackie A7 virus to the tumor. In the absence of a full-fledged immune response in mice, the viruses persist in tumors leading to their complete destruction.

Received: 2018-07-13

Published online: 2018-08-11

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.032

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VIEWS 4485

Shubina J, Jankevic T, Goltsov AYu, Mukosey IS, Kochetkova TO, Bystritsky AA, Barkov IYu, Tetruashvili NK, Kim LV, Trofimov DYu

Introduced into clinical practice in 2011, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) allows detection of chromosomal aneuploidies in the fetus using maternal blood samples. Multiple studies have shown that one of the key factors affecting the result of this test is the fetal DNA fraction. The aim of this work was to develop a method capable of measuring the fetal DNA fraction based on targeted SNP sequencing. We selected polymorphisms with high frequency of heterozygous genotype from the international HapMap database. To estimate the frequency of these polymorphisms in the Russian population, we used 827 DNA donor samples. Fetal DNA fraction was measured in 87 plasma samples of pregnant women. Sequencing was performed on Ion Proton and Ion S5. We determined the frequencies of the studied polymorphisms in the pooled samples and compared the data on 53 SNPs in the pooled and 87 individual samples. The median difference was 3.4%. The correlation between the results obtained by targeted SNP sequencing and Y chromosome read count was 0.7. Thus, the proposed method can be used to estimate the fetal DNA fraction using SNP genotyping regardless of the fetus’s sex.

Received: 2018-04-15

Published online: 2018-08-11

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.031

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VIEWS 3877

Ivashchenko AV, Fedyaev IM, Yablokov AE, Kolganov IN, Balandin EI, Tlustenko VP

One of the alternatives to permanent tooth removal is intentional reimplantation. A tooth saved by reimplantation can later serve as a support for various types of dental prostheses. Tooth replantation is indicated if there is an infection in the periapical area unresponsive to conservative treatment or apicoectomy is not possible, etc. The female patient S. presented with missing teeth and significant coronal decay both on the upper and lower jaws. Three months after the teeth had been extracted and reimplanted, the patient underwent another panoramic radiography scan. On the post-op orthopantomogram the dental cement appeared evenly distributed in the root canals and the trabecular bone tissue was rebuilding in the periapical area of the replanted teeth. Later, we installed fixed dental porcelain-fused-to-metal prostheses supported by the replanted teeth. The patient also received removable dentures. A 2-year follow-up showed no signs of pathologic mobility in the replanted teeth, robust trabecular tissue regeneration in the periapical area and stability of dental prostheses supported by the replanted teeth.

Received: 2018-04-04

Published online: 2018-08-02

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.030

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VIEWS 3867

Shakhanov AV, Uryasev OM

Nitric oxide has a significant role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and hypertension. Its synthesis is catalyzed by NO synthases. The nucleotide composition of genes coding for these enzymes can affect their activity; therefore, it is important to understand the effect of the NOS3 786C/T polymorphism (rs2070744) on the blood levels of nitric oxide in patients with bronchial asthma and hypertension. Our study recruited 71 individuals. The main group consisted of 24 asthmatic hypertensive patients. Two comparison groups included patients with isolated asthma and isolated hypertension. All patients were genotyped for the NOS3 786C/T polymorphism. We measured total nitric oxide metabolites in their blood using a photocolorimetric technique and the Griess reagent. The levels of nitric oxide in the exhaled air were determined electrochemically using a portable NObreath monitor. The blood levels of nitric oxide metabolites amounted to 69.7 (60.0; 70.4) μmol/l in the CC genotype carriers, 68.9 (57.7; 77.4) μmol/l in the CT genotype carriers and 67.7 (59.7; 79.3) μmol/l in the patients with the TT genotype (p = 0.843). Individually, the groups demonstrated a clear association between the NOS3 786C/T polymorphism and the blood levels of nitric oxide metabolites. The patients with bronchial asthma and hypertension demonstrated a tendency to increasing nitric oxide levels following the pattern CC < CT < TT (p = 0.033 and p = 0.024, respectively). Thus, the C allele of the NOS3 786C/T polymorphism is associated with lower blood levels of nitric oxide metabolites in patients with bronchial asthma and hypertension.

Received: 2018-04-20

Published online: 2018-07-29

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.029

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VIEWS 4039