Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Zaychikova MV, Zakharevich NV, Chekalina MS, Danilenko VN

CRISPR-Сas systems are widespread in bacteria and archaea. They provide adaptive immunity against bacterial phages and plasmids and exert a few important functions like regulation of gene expression, DNA repair or virulence formation. We have analyzed the CRISPR-Cas systems of 7 Mусоbacterium tuberculosis lineages with fully sequenced genomes, namely Beijing, B0/W-148, EAI, Haarlem, Ural, LAM, and S. The CRISPR-Cas systems present in the analyzed genomes belong to type III-A. M. tuberculosis lineages differ in their CRISPR-Cas structure; in the Beijing lineage a part of the system is reduced. We have conducted a search for the functionally related partners and compensatory mechanisms of cas-genes using a method of phylogenetic profiling. The obtained phylogenetic profiles show that some genes have undergone similar evolutionary events. The reduction of the system’s part in the Beijing lineage was accompanied by at least two evolutionary losses and one acquisition of genome regions. Exploration of alternative CRISPR-Cas functions in M. tuberculosis and their possible associations with other gene systems remains an exciting challenge.

Received: 2018-03-15

Published online: 2018-06-09

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.016

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VIEWS 5205

Rabadanova AK, Shalina RI, Gugushvili NA

There are a few major factors determining the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF), including the potential of embryos to implant and the receptivity of the endometrium, which, in turn, are directly dependent on the ovarian reserve, i.e. the quality and quantity of oocytes. Diminished ovarian reserve can be inferred from reduced blood flow to the uterus on Doppler sonography. Based on the results of 3D power Doppler imaging of uterine blood flow on the day of ET and Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL), we attempted to predict the outcomes of IVF and embryo transfer (ET) in 56 female patients with different ovarian reserves. Blood flow was measured in the uterus, subendometrial region and endometrium, and IVF cycle outcomes were subsequently assessed. We have established an association between the characteristics of uterine and subendometrial blood flow and the outcomes of IVF cycles and ET. No such association has been established for the endometrium, though. Therefore, a 3D power Doppler examination on the day of embryo transfer provides valuable information on the endometrium receptivity and can be used as a prognostic marker of IVF success.

Received: 2018-03-18

Published online: 2018-06-01

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.015

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VIEWS 5003

Bulatova LS, Solomatina AA, Kareva EN, Kotsyubinskaya NA

A molecular marker for the risk of endometriosis recurrence can help to customize a post-operative treatment plan for an individual patient. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of genes coding for estradiol (mER, ERα, ERβ) and progesterone (PGRmC1, mPR, РR-А, PR-B) receptors in first-time and relapsing patients with ovarian endometriosis. Our study included 94 women of reproductive age with ovarian endometriosis: 82 first-time and 12 relapsing patients. The expression of genes coding for steroid receptors was measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Recurrent conditions were characterized by a change in the expression of estrogen receptors and unchanged expression of progesterone receptors. Expression of mER in the tissue of patients with first-time endometriosis was 15.09 ± 1.18. Patients undergoing recurrence demonstrated a 3-fold increase in mER expression (from 15.09 ± 1.18 to 44.45 ± 9.1). Also, in such patients ERβ expression was 5 times higher increasing from 11.71 ± 0.22, which is an average value for first-time patients, to 10.02 ± 3.81, while ERα expression surged 7-fold from 10.47 ± 1.05 to 1.68 ± 0.55 (p < 0.05). Transcription of the studied receptors in the pathological tissue depended on the stage of the disease: in relapsing patients expression of estradiol receptors underwent some changes, while expression profile of progesterone receptors remained unchanged. Sensitivity of endometrial tissue to gestogens is clinically important and serves as a basis for a successful hormone-based relapse prevention.

Received: 2017-10-30

Published online: 2018-04-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.014

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VIEWS 4870

Egiazaryan KA, Lazishvili GD, Ratjev AP, Shukyur-Zade ER

Dislocation of the lateral end of the clavicle (LEC) constitutes over 26% of all dislocations, 11% of sports injuries and over 10% of acute injuries to the shoulder girdle, ranking 3rd after elbow and wrist joints dislocations. The majority of surgical techniques used to repair fresh injuries to the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) do not account for its anatomy and biomechanics, resulting in postoperative instability of the joint in both vertical and horizontal planes. The aim of this study was to propose a highly effective technique for the surgical treatment of acute injuries to ACJ ensuring a better recovery of its function. Below we present the results of 112 patients who underwent minimally invasive acromioclavicular joint reconstruction. The outcome was very good in 111 patients (99.1%). The proposed technique helps to avoid damage to the biomechanics of the joint and to fully restore its anatomy within short time.

Received: 2017-11-20

Published online: 2018-04-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.013

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VIEWS 4712

Morozova TE, Lukina MV, Andrushishina TB, Chukina MA

Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) involves administration of antimicrobial agents (AMA) to patients undergoing a surgical intervention and aims to reduce the risk of postoperative infectious complications, especially at surgical sites. In the present work we assess efficiency and safety of AMA used for prevention of postoperative infectious complications. In the course of our study we pre-analyzed 576 medical histories of post-op patients aged 18 to 87 years (mean age М ± SD was 57.4 ± 14.5 years), of which 347 (60.2%) were male and 229 (39.8%) female. Only 481 histories were selected for final analysis. We assessed the choice of antibacterial therapy, the frequency of adverse reactions (AR) and infectious complications and the type of the latter. PAP regimens were consistent with the official guidelines in 207 (43.04%) cases. PAP recommendations were ignored in 274 cases (56.96%), and the timing was wrong in 364 cases (75.7%). Incorrect dosages were administered in 225 cases (46.8%). We also discovered an association between irrational PAP regimens and 1) the length of patient’s stay in the intensive care unit (р = 0.003 and р < 0.005), 2) the frequency of reoperations associated with infection (р = 0.001), 3) mortality rates (р = 0.002), and 4) isolation of strains with multidrug resistance (р = 0.016). We conclude that PAP regimens for the inpatients of surgical wards are often compromised by failure to comply with the official guidelines, wrong timing and incorrect dosage, which negatively affects hospital statistics.

Received: 2017-12-29

Published online: 2018-04-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.012

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VIEWS 5040

Shmigol TA, Sobianin KA, Prusak-Glotov MV, Shchelykalina SP, Nevezhin EV, Yermolaeva SA, Negrebetsky VV

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative to conventional therapies of infections. It can kill drug-resistant bacteria without damaging host tissues. In the present work we use the multiresistant strain PA21 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to model a wound infection in mice and study the effect of PTD mediated by aqueous solutions of the anionic photosensitizer merocyanine 540 (solubilized in water and in 0.25 M sodium chloride) on bacterial decontamination and wound healing. To assess a therapeutic effect of PDT, we monitored bacterial contamination of the wound, measured the wound size in two planes using a caliper and carried out a histopathological examination of infected tissue sections. Our study reveals that PDT mediated by MC540 in the sodium chloride solution can induce bacterial death, inhibit bacterial re-growth and accelerate wound healing.

Received: 2018-01-20

Published online: 2018-04-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.011

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VIEWS 4874

Antonova NP, Balabanyan VYu, Tkachuk AP, Makarov VV, Gushchin VA

One of the most promising approaches to combatting multiple drug resistance is based on the use of recombinant endolysins. In this work we study physical, chemical and lytic properties of phage KPP10, a recombinant endolysin effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations of 3 μg/ml. Fused with a fragment of positively charged SMAP-29 peptide into one reading frame, artilysin KPP10 is effective against laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the absence of permeabilizers. Our findings encourage preclinical trials of this artilysin in infectious models

Received: 2018-02-02

Published online: 2018-04-27

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.010

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VIEWS 5550

Amelina SS, Degtereva EV, Petrova NV, Marakhonov AV, Temnikov VE, Petrina NE, Amelina MA, Vetrova NV, Ponomareva TI, Zinchenko RA

Ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), a serious skin condition that runs in families, is actively studied worldwide. In this work we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of IV and frequency of two FLG mutations R501X and 2282del4 in the population of the Rostov region. Our genetic epidemiology study of hereditary monogenic disorders covered a total of 497,460 residents of 12 districts to identify 230 separate nosological entities. In the course of the analysis, we calculated the prevalence of IV per district and in the entire region and compared our findings with the results of earlier studies. The average prevalence of IV in the Rostov region was 1:5,025, which is consistent with the average prevalence of the disease across Russia (1:5,151). Tselinsky and Millerovsky districts demonstrated the highest prevalence rates (1:1,942 and 1:2,032, respectively). To evaluate the frequency of two FLG mutations R501X and 2282del4, we assayed the samples of 58 patients with IV and 127 healthy unelated controls by PCR followed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In patients with IV, the frequency of the 2282del4 mutation was 48.28%, which is in line with European figures and also 30 times higher than in the controls (1.58%), suggesting the pathogenicity of the mutation. The R501X mutation was not identified both in patients with IV and healthy controls.

Received: 2017-11-17

Published online: 2018-04-16

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.009

Comments 0

VIEWS 4797