In this study we examined expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 genes and НBD1, HBD2 and HNP1 antimicrobial peptides genes, which are part of the innate immunity, in children with grade II and grade III adenoid hypertrophy and healthy children. The patients were divided into three groups: those with indications for conservative treatment (group I, 39 participants), those with prior adenoidectomy (group II, 38 participants) and healthy controls (33 participants). Clinical material was presented by epithelial cells scraped from nasal mucosa (group I and control group) and pharyngeal tonsils scrapes (group II). No significant difference in gene expression based on the type of biological material was observed. The expression levels of the genes inspected in group I did not differ significantly from those in the control group. Group II displayed a significantly increased expression of TLR2 and TLR4 genes (15.4 and 10.3 times respectively with p <0.05) in comparison with the control group, with TLR9 gene expression level being 5 times lower, HBD1 gene expression — 33.4 times lower, HBD2 gene expression — 21 times lower, HNP1 gene expression — 3.4 times lower. Such defects in defense mechanisms can lead to disease complications and be an additional indication for surgery.