The aim of the study was to determine whether the IL10 –592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphism is associated with the development of persistent oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in children from Bashkortostan, Russia. Genotyping of 107 patients with persistent oligoarticular JIA and 206 healthy controls was performed by PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR methods. The IL10 –592CC genotype frequency was significantly higher in patients with persistent oligoarticular JIA than in controls (p = 0,033). After dividing the whole groups into subgroups based on gender there was found that the IL10 –592CC genotype and the IL10 –592C allele frequencies were significantly higher only in girls with persistent oligoarticular JIA in comparison to controls (p = 0,042 и p = 0,025, correspondingly). In this study we revealed the association of the IL10 –592C>A polymorphism with the development of persistent oligoarticular JIA in children from Bashkortostan, Russia.