2020 / 02

Next Paper
DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.015

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Characterization of the genotype and the phenotype of nontoxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae subsp. lausannense isolated in Russian residents

Borisova OYu1,2, Chaplin AV1,2, Gadua NT1, Pimenova AS1, Alexeeva IN3, Rakitsky GF3, Afanas'ev SS1, Donskikh EE2, Kafarskaya LI2
About authors

1 G. N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia

2 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

3 Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Khabarovsk, Russia

Correspondence should be addressed: Olga Yu. Borisova
Admirala Makarova, 10, Moscow, 125212; ur.liam@avosirobglo

About paper

Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of G. N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Author contribution: Borisova OYu carried out molecular genetic tests, analyzed the literature and the obtained data, contributed to manuscript preparation; Chaplin AV performed phylogenetic analysis, analyzed the experimental data and contributed to manuscript preparation; Gadua NT, Pimenova AS carried out microbiological tests and contributed to manuscript preparation; Alexeeva IN, Rakitsky GF examined the patients on admission and contributed to manuscript preparation; Afanasiev SS conducted molecular genetic tests and contributed to manuscript preparation; Donskikh EE аnalyzed the literature and the experimental data and contributed to manuscript preparation; Kafarskaya LI analyzed the experimental data and contributed to manuscript preparation.

Received: 2020-02-09 Accepted: 2020-03-28 Published online: 2020-03-18
|
  1. World Health Organization. Diphtheria reported cases. Available from: http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/timeseries/tsincidencediphtheria.html.
  2. Yakimova TN, Markina SS, Maksimova NM. Difteriya segodnya. ZNiSO. 2013; 249 (12): 18–9. Russian.
  3. O zabolevaemosti difteriey i sostoyanii antitoksicheskogo protivodifteriynogo immuniteta naseleniya Rossii. Information letter № 02/14390-2019-27 from 10.10.2019. Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor). Russian.
  4. Romney MG, Roscoe DL, Bernard K, Lai S, Efstratiou A, Clarke AM. Emergence of an invasive clone of nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in the urban poor population of Vancouver, Canada. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 May; 44 (5): 1625–9.
  5. Hirata J, Pereira GA, Filardy AA, Gomes DLR, Damasco PV, Rosa ACP, et al. Potential pathogenic role of aggregative-adhering Corynebacterium diphtheriae of different clonal groups in endocarditis. Brazilian J Med Biol Res. 2008; 41 (11): 986–91.
  6. Gubler J, Huber-Schneider C, Gruner E, Altwegg M. An Outbreak of Nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection: Single Bacterial Clone Causing Invasive Infection Among Swiss Drug Users. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Nov; 27 (5): 1295–8.
  7. FitzGerald RP, Rosser AJ, Perera DN. Non-toxigenic penicillin-resistant cutaneous C. diphtheriae infection: A case report and review of the literature. J Infect Public Health. 2015 Jan 1; 8 (1): 98–100.
  8. Edwards B, Hunt AC, Hoskisson PA. Recent cases of non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Scotland: Justification for continued surveillance. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2011; (60): 561–2.
  9. Funke G, Von Graevenitz A, Clarridge JE, Bernard KA. Clinical microbiology of Coryneform bacteria. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 1997; (10): 125–59.
  10. Bernard KA, Funke G. Corynebacterium. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015; p. 1–70.
  11. Trost E, Blom J, de Soares SC, Huang IH, Al-Dilaimi A, Schröder J, et al. Pangenomic study of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that provides insights into the genomic diversity of pathogenic isolates from cases of classical diphtheria, endocarditis, and pneumonia. J Bacteriol. 2012; 194 (12): 3199–215.
  12. Sangal V, Burkovski A, Hunt AC, Edwards B, Blom J, Hoskisson PA. A lack of genetic basis for biovar differentiation in clinically important Corynebacterium diphtheriae from whole genome sequencing. Infect Genet Evol. 2014; 21 (November): 54–7.
  13. Sangal V, Hoskisson PA. Evolution, epidemiology and diversity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae: New perspectives on an old foe. Infect Genet Evol. 2016; (43): 364–70.
  14. Bolt F, Cassiday P, Tondella ML, DeZoysa A, Efstratiou A, Sing A, et al. Multilocus Sequence Typing Identifies Evidence for Recombination and Two Distinct Lineages of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48 (11): 4177–85.
  15. Tagini F, Pillonel T, Croxatto A, Bertelli C, Koutsokera A, Lovis A, et al. Distinct genomic features characterize two clades of Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Proposal of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Subsp. diphtheriae Subsp. nov. and Corynebacterium diphtheriae Subsp. lausannense Subsp. nov. Front Microbiol. 2018 Aug 17; (9): 1743.
  16. Li L, Stoeckert CJ, Roos DS. OrthoMCL: identification of ortholog groups for eukaryotic genomes. Genome Res. 2003; 13 (9): 2178–89.
  17. Edgar RC. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004; 32 (5): 1792–7.
  18. Price MN, Dehal PS, Arkin AP. FastTree 2 — Approximately maximum-likelihood trees for large alignments. PLoS One. 2010 Mar 10; 5 (3).
  19. Nascimento M, Sousa A, Ramirez M, Francisco AP, Carriço JA, Vaz C. PHYLOViZ 2.0: Providing scalable data integration and visualization for multiple phylogenetic inference methods. Bioinformatics. 2017; 33 (1): 128–9.
  20. Nakao H, Mazurova IK, Glushkevich T, Popovic T. Analysis of heterogeneity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin gene, tox, and its regulatory element, dtxR, by direct sequencing. Res Microbiol. 1997; 148 (1): 45–54.
  21. Chagina IA, Perevarova YuS, Perevarov VV, Chaplin AV, Borisova OYu, Kafarskaya LI, et al. Polymorphism of the dtxR gene in the currently existing strains of Сorynebacterium diphtheriae. Bulletin of RSMU. 2017; (1): 31–37.
  22. Farfour E, Badell E, Dinu S, Guillot S, Guiso N. Microbiological changes and diversity in autochthonous non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in France. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013; 19 (10): 980–7.