ОБЗОР
Персистенция коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 в телах умерших и меры защиты от инфицирования
1 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени В. И. Кулакова, Москва, Россия
2 Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова, Москва, Россия
Для корреспонденции: Александр Иванович Щеголев
ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4, г. Москва, 117485; moc.liamg@777natap
Вклад авторов: А. И. Щеголев — дизайн обзора, поиск и анализ данных литературы, редактирование текста; Туманова У. Н. — поиск и анализ данных литературы, написание текста.
- Matta S, Chopra KK, Arora VK. Morbidity and mortality trends of Covid 19 in top 10 countries. Indian J Tuberc. 2020; 67 (4S): S167–S172.
- Публичный дашборд Yandex DataLens. Available from: https://datalens.yandex/7o7is1q6ikh23?tab=0Ze&utm_ source=cbmain&state=7e29b15887.
- Sekhawat V, Green A, Mahadeva U. COVID-19 autopsies: conclusions from international studies. Diagn Histopathol (Oxf). 2021; 27 (3): 103–7.
- Aubert AC, Lampurlanés XS. Servicios funerarios: exposición laboral a agentes biológicos. Notas Técnicas de Prevenció. 2010; 858: 1–6.
- Sterling TR, Pope DS, Bishai WR, Harrington S, Gershon RR, Chaisson RE. Transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis from a cadaver to an embalmer. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342 (4): 246–8.
- Gershon RR, Vlahov D, Escamilla-Cejudo JA, Badawi M, McDiarmid M, Karkashian C. et al. Tuberculosis risk in funeral home employees. J Occup Environ Med. 1998; 40 (5): 497–503.
- Nyberg M, Suni J, Haltia M. Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus infection in health care workers. Arch Intern Med. 1990; 153: 1451–8.
- Douceron H, Deforges L, Gherardi R, Sobel A, Chariot P. Longlasting postmortem viability of human immunodeficiency virus: A potential risk in forensic medicine practice. Forensic Sci Int. 1993; 60 (1–2): 61–6.
- Инструкции о противоэпидемическом режиме работы с материалом, зараженным или подозрительным на зараженность возбудителями чумы, холеры, сапа, мелиоидоза, натуральной оспы, сибирской язвы, туляремии и бруцеллеза, Министерство здравоохранения СССР. Алма-Ата, 1975.
- Федеральный закон «Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации» от 21.11.2011 N 323-ФЗ.
- Teresiński G, Jurek T. Recommendations of the polish society of forensic medicine and criminology and national consultant for forensic medicine with regard to performing forensic post-mortem examinations in case of confirmed COVID-19 disease and suspected SARS CoV-2 infections. Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol. 2019; 69 (4): 147–57.
- Sapino A, Facchetti F, Bonoldi E, Gianatti A, Barbareschi M, Società Italiana di Anatomia Patologica e Citologia — SIAPEC. The autopsy debate during the COVID-19 emergency: the Italian experience. Virchows Arch. 2020; 476 (6): 821–3,
- Tian S, Xiong Y, Liu H, Niu L, Guo J, Liao M, et al. Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through postmortem core biopsies. Mod Pathol. 2020; 33 (6): 1007–14.
- Moretti M, Malhotra A, Visonà SD, Finley SJ, Osculati AMM, Javan GT. The roles of medical examiners in the COVID-19 era: a comparison between the United States and Italy. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2021; 17 (2): 262–70.
- Sperhake JP. Autopsies of COVID-19 deceased? Absolutely! Leg Med (Tokyo). 2020; 47: 101769.
- Zhu N, Zhang D,Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382 (8): 727–33.
- He F, Deng Y, Li W. Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know? J Med Virol. 2020; 92 (7): 719–25.
- Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh CL, Abiona O, et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020; 367 (6483): 1260–3.
- Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, Peng J, Dan H, Zeng X, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020; 12 (1): 8.
- Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z. Single-cell RNAseq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med. 2020; 14 (2): 185–92.
- Tang JW, To KF, Lo AW, Sung JJ, Ng HK, Chan PK. Quantitative temporal-spatial distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARSCoV) in post-mortem tissues. J Med Virol. 2007; 79 (9): 1245–53.
- Aquila I, Ricci P, Bonetta CF, Sacco MA, Longhini F, Torti C, et al. Analysis of the persistence time of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the cadaver and the risk of passing infection to autopsy staff. Med Leg J. 2021; 89 (1): 40–53.
- Heinrich F, Meißner K, Langenwalder F, Püschel K, Nörz D, Hoffmann A, et al. Postmortem stability of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal mucosa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021; 27 (1): 329–31.
- Plenzig S, Bojkova D, Held H, Berger A, Holz F, Cinatl J, et al. Infectivity of deceased COVID-19 patients. Int J Legal Med. 2021 Mar 5; 1–6.
- Bogdanović M, Skadrić I, Atanasijević T, Stojković O, Popović V, Savić S, et al. Case Report: Post-mortem histopathological and molecular analyses of the very first documented COVID-19related death in Europe. Front Med. 2021; 8: 612758.
- Beltempo P, Curti SM, Maserati R, Gherardi M, Castelli M. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in post-mortem swab 35 days after death: A case report. Forensic Sci Int. 2021; 319: 110653.
- Sukhikh G, Petrova U, Prikhodko A, Starodubtseva N, Chingin K, Chen H, et al. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in second trimester associated with severe neonatal pathology. Viruses. 2021; 13: 447.
- Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S, Steinmann E. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. J Hosp Infect. 2020; 104 (3): 246–51.
- van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, et al. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Eng J Med. 2020; 382 (16): 1564–7.
- Leah FM, Plucinski MM, Marston BJ, Kurbatova EV, Knust B, Murray EL, et al. Public health responses to COVID-19 outbreaks on cruise ships — worldwide, February–March 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69 (12): 347–52.
- Ansari SA, Springthorpe VS, Sattar SA, Rivard S, Rahman M. Potential role of hands in the spread of respiratory viral infections: studies with human parainfluenza virus 3 and rhinovirus 14. J Clin Microbiol. 1991; 29 (10): 2115–9.
- Cevik M, Tate M, Lloyd O, Maraolo AE, Schafers J, Ho A. SARSCoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of viral shedding, and infectiousness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Microbe. 2021; 2: e13–22.
- Davis GG, Williamson AK. Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 transmission during autopsy. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2020; 144 (12): 1445a–1445.
- Nakamura M, Tojo M, Takaso M, Hitosugi M. A regional approach for infection prevention in death investigations during the COVID-19 era. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2021; 48: 101829.
- Centre for Health Protection. Precautions for Handling and Disposal of Dead Bodies, Hong Kong, China, 2020. Available from: https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/grp-guideline-hp-icprecautions_for_handling_and_disposal_of_dead_bodies_en.pdf.
- Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services. COVID-19: Guidelines on dead body management, India, 2020. Available from: https://www.mohfw. gov.in/pdf/1584423700568_COVID19GuidelinesonDeadbodyma nagement.pdf.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Collection and Submission of Postmortem Specimens from Deceased Persons with Known or Suspected COVID-19 (Postmortem Guidance). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/ hcp/guidance-postmortem-specimens.html.
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu. COVID-19 richtlijn (guideline). Available from: https://lci.rivm.nl/richtlijnen/covid-19.
- Health and Safety Executive. Managing infection risks when handling the deceased. Guidance for the mortuary, post-mortem room and funeral premises, and during exhumation. Available from: https://www.hse.gov.uk/pUbns/priced/hsg283.pdf.
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Considerations related to the safe handling of bodies of deceased persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, Europe, 2020. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/ considerations-related-safe-handling-bodies-deceased-personssuspected-or.
- WHO Guidelines. Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections in health care — WHO Guidelines. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/ha ndle/10665/112656/9789241507134_eng.pdf?sequence=1.
- Keten D, Okdemir E, Keten A. Precautions in postmortem examinations in Covid-19 — Related deaths: Recommendations from Germany. J Forensic Leg Med. 2020; 73: 102000.
- Франк Г. А., Ковалев А. В., Грибунов Ю. П., Заславский Г. И., Кильдюшов Е. М., Ягмуров О. Д. и др. Исследование умерших с подозрением на коронавирусную инфекцию (COVID-19). В сборнике: Временные методические рекомендации. Версия 22 (23.07.2020). М., 2020; 428 с.
- Временные методические рекомендации: профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Версия 10 (08.02.2021). М., 2021; 262 с.
- Зайратьянц О. В., Каниболоцкий А. А., Михалева Л. М., Мишнев О. Д., Савелов Н. С., Авдалян А. М. и др. Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19). Организация работы патологоанатомической службы. В сборнике: Временные методические рекомендации. Версия 3 (15.11.2020). М., 2020; 36 с.
- Hanley B, Lucas SB, Youd E, Swift B, Osborn M. Autopsy in suspected COVID-19 cases. J Clin Pathol. 2020; 73: 239–42.
- Monteiro RAA, Duarte-Neto AN, Silva LFFD, Oliveira EP, Filho JT, Santos GABD, et al. Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsies: A protocol for the study of pulmonary and systemic involvement of COVID-19. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2020; 75: e1972.
- Roberts IS, Benamore RE, Benbow EW, Lee SH, Harris JN, Jackson A, et al. Post-mortem imaging as an alternative to autopsy in the diagnosis of adult deaths: a validation study. Lancet. 2012; 379 (9811): 136–42.
- Kniep I, Lutter M, Ron A, Edler C, Püschel K, Ittrich H, et al. Postmortem imaging of the lung in cases of COVID-19 deaths. Radiologe. 2020; 60 (10): 927–33.
- Туманова У. Н., Ляпин В. М., Быченко В. Г., Щеголев А. И., Сухих Г. Т. Посмертная МРТ для диагностики врожденной пневмонии. Вестник Российского государственного медицинского университета. 2016; 4: 48–55.
- Туманова У. Н., Щеголев А. И. Возможности и ограничения виртуальной аутопсии в неонатологии. REJR. 2017; 7 (1): 20–33.
- Kanchan T, Shrestha R, Krishan K. Post-mortem ultrasonography: a safer alternative to autopsies in COVID-19 deaths. J Ultrasound. 2020 Oct 31; 1–2. 1451–8.