ISSN Print 2500–1094
ISSN Online 2542–1204
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Geographic distribution of the LZTFL1 SNP markers associated with severe COVID-19 in Russia and worldwide
About authors
1 Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
2 Autonomous non-profit organization “Biobank of North Eurasia”, Moscow, Russia
3 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
4 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Correspondence should be addressed: Elena V. Balanovska
Moskvorechye, 1, 115522, Moscow, Russia; ur.liam@aksvonalab
About paper
Funding: the study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant № 21-14-00363 (bioinformatics analysis, cartographic analysis) and performed within the State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the Research Centre for Medical Genetics (statistical analysis, data interpretation, manuscript writing).
Acknowledgements: the authors express their gratitude to all members of the expedition survey of the North Eurasian indigenous population (sample donors) and the autonomous non-profit organization “Biobank of North Eurasia” for access to DNA collections, and Olkova MV, for her participation in gathering information on the gene variants associated with the COVID-19 severity.
Author contribution: Balanovska EV — data analysis, manuscript writing, research management; Gorin IO, Petrushenko VS — bioinformatics analysis; Agdzhoyan AT, Chernevsky DK, Pylev VYu — statistical analysis; Temirbulatov II — explanation of pharmacogenetic approaches; Koshel SM — cartographic analysis.
Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the Ethics Commitee of the Research Centre for Medical Genetics (protocol № 1 of 29 June 2020); all subjects submitted the informed consent to study participation.
Received: 2022-09-13
Accepted: 2022-09-28
Published online: 2022-10-23
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Fig. 1. Position of the populations of Russia and neighboring countries in the genetic space mapped by multidimensional scaling based on the data on 10 LZTFL1 SNP markers. Note: multidimensional scaling plot, coefficient of alienation 0.1, stress SO = 0.09. Northern cluster is highlighted in blue, Western cluster in green, Ural-Caucasian cluster in yellow, Mesocluster in orange, Eastern cluster in red
Fig. 2. Position of the world’s indigenous populations in the space formed by principal components (PC) 1 and 2 based on variation in 10 LZTFL1 SNP markers. Five clusters identified by multidimensional scaling of the populations of Russia and neighboring countries are marked with asterisks. Note: share of the described variance: PC 1 (61%), PC 2 (22%). Indo-European cluster is highlighted in blue, African cluster in red, North Asian cluster in green, South Asian cluster in yellow, American cluster in violet
Fig. 3. Geographic variation in the frequencies of LZTFL1 SNP markers in indigenous population: 3А — rs17713054(A) variation in the population of North Eurasia; 3B — rs1058961(А) variation in the population of North Eurasia; 3C — rs1058961(А) variation in the world’s population. Note: The numbers of the populations on the map of North Eurasia correspond to that presented in Table 1 of Appendix, the numbers on the map of the world’s population correspond to that provided in Table 2 and Fig. 1 of Appendix. No literature data on the indigenous population of Australia have been found, that is why the data on Oceania are interpolated on this region
Fig. 4. Geographic variation in the frequencies of LZTFL1 SNP markers in indigenous population: 4А — s12493471(A) variation in the population of North Eurasia; 4B — rs12493471(A) variation in the world’s population; 4C — rs11130077(G) variation in the population of North Eurasia; 4D — rs11130077(G) variation in the world’s population; 4E — rs7614952(A) variation in the population of North Eurasia; 4F — rs7614952(А) variation in the world’s population. Note: The numbers of the populations on the map of North Eurasia correspond to that presented in Table 1 of Appendix, the numbers on the map of the world’s population correspond to that provided in Table 2 and Fig. 1 of Appendix. No literature data on the indigenous population of Australia have been found, that is why the data on Oceania are interpolated on this region
Fig. 5. Geographic variation in the frequencies of LZTFL1 SNP markers in indigenous population: 5А — rs2191031(A) variation in the population of North Eurasia; 5B — rs2191031(А) variation in the world’s population; 5C — rs9842595(A) variation in the population of North Eurasia; 5D — rs9842595(А) variation in the world’s population; 5E — rs1860264(C) variation in the population of North Eurasia; 5F — rs1860264(C) variation in the world’s population. Note: The numbers of the populations on the map of North Eurasia correspond to that presented in Table 1 of Appendix, the numbers on the map of the world’s population correspond to that provided in Table 2 and Fig. 1 of Appendix. No literature data on the indigenous population of Australia have been found, that is why the data on Oceania are interpolated on this region
Fig. 6. Geographic variation in the frequencies of LZTFL1 SNP markers in indigenous population: 6А — rs6441929(G) variation in the population of North Eurasia; 6B — rs6441929(G) variation in the world’s population; 6C — rs2236938(A) variation in the population of North Eurasia; 6D — rs2236938(A) variation in the world’s population; 6E — rs17078408(C) variation in the population of North Eurasia; 6F — rs17078408(C) variation in the world’s population. Note: The numbers of the populations on the map of North Eurasia correspond to that presented in Table 1 of Appendix, the numbers on the map of the world’s population correspond to that provided in Table 2 and Fig. 1 of Appendix. No literature data on the indigenous population of Australia have been found, that is why the data on Oceania are interpolated on this region
