Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee: Pirogov University.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY).

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Comparative imaging of the HAEE-CY5 and ЕЕАН-СУ5 tetrapeptide binding to the Aβ aggregates on the SH-SY5Y cells

Ivanova AV1,2 , Chmelyuk NS1,2 , Kuzmichev IA1 , Shilyaeva MI1 , Abakumov MA1,2
About authors

1 Research Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

2 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, MISIS University of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia

Correspondence should be addressed: Anna V. Ivanova
Ostrovityanova, 1, str.1, Moscow, 117513, Russia; ur.xednay@tirofsof.repus

About paper

Funding: the work was carried out under the State Assignment "Development of a radiopharmaceutical for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using the HAEE tetrapeptide as a vector molecule", EGISU R&D registration number 1024110600012-8-3.2.25;3.2.26;3.2.12.

Author contribution: Ivanova AV — literature review, manuscript writing; Chmelyuk NS — fixation, cell sample preparation for microscopic imaging, image acquisition and analysis using a confocal microscope; Kuzmichev IA — synthesis of Ac-HAEEGGGGK(ε-Cy5)-NH2 and Ac-EEAHGGGGK(ε-Cy5)-NH2 fluorescent peptides; Shilyaeva MI — cell sample preparation; Abakumov MA — goal setting, developing the study design, manuscript writing; all the authors contributed to preparation of the paper equally, they confirmed compliance of their authorship with the international ICMJE criteria.

Received: 2025-10-15 Accepted: 2025-11-13 Published online: 2025-11-24
|
  1. Kolobova EA, Petrushanko IY, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Grigorova IL. Novel method for detection of Aβ and Iso-D7-Aβ N-terminus-specific B cells and Iso-D7-Aβ-specific antibodies. Biol Methods Protoc. 2025; 10 (1).
  2. Knopman DS, Amieva H, Petersen RC, Chételat G, Holtzman DM, Hyman BT, et al. Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021; 7 (1): 33.
  3. Harris JR, Marles-Wright J, editors. Macromolecular Protein Complexes II: Structure and Function. Subcell Biochem. 2019; 93.
  4. Walsh DM, Selkoe DJ. Amyloid β-protein and beyond: the path forward in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2020; 61: 116–24.
  5. Katzmarski N, Ziegler-Waldkirch S, Scheffler N, Witt C, AbouAjram C, Nuscher B, et al. Aβ oligomers trigger and accelerate Aβ seeding. Brain Pathol. 2020; 30 (1): 36–45.
  6. Wilcock GK, Gauthier S, Frisoni GB, Jia J, Hardlund JH, Moebius HJ, et al. Potential of low dose leuco-methylthioninium bis(hydromethanesulphonate) monotherapy for treatment of mild Alzheimer's disease: cohort analysis as modified primary outcome in a phase III clinical trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018; 61 (1): 435–57.
  7. Paul A, Viswanathan GKK, Huber A, Arad E, Engel H, Jelinek R, et al. Inhibition of tau amyloid formation and disruption of its preformed fibrils by naphthoquinone-dopamine hybrid. FEBS J. 2021; 288 (13): 4267–90.
  8. Fedele E. Anti-amyloid therapies for Alzheimer's disease and the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24 (19): 14499.
  9. Kepp KP, Robakis NK, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Sensi SL, Vissel B. The amyloid cascade hypothesis: an updated critical review. Brain. 2023; 146 (9): 3969–90.
  10. Tucker M, Liao GY, Park JY, Rosenfeld M, Wezeman J, Mangalindan R, et al. Behavioral and neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease are attenuated in 5xFAD mice treated with intranasal GHK peptide. bioRxiv. 2023; 20: 2023.11.20.567908.
  11. Kryscio RJ, Abner EL, Caban-Holt A, Lovell M, Goodman P, Darke AK, et al. Association of antioxidant supplement use and dementia in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease by Vitamin E and Selenium Trial (PREADViSE). JAMA Neurol. 2017; 74 (5): 567–73.
  12. Ramesh M, Govindaraju T. Multipronged diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Chem Sci. 2022; 13 (46): 13657–89.
  13. Salloway S, Sperling R, Fox NC, Blennow K, Klunk W, Raskind M, et al. Two phase 3 trials of bapineuzumab in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370 (4): 322–33.
  14. Ivanova AV, Kutuzova AD, Kuzmichev IA, Abakumov MA. Alzheimer's disease: from molecular mechanisms to promising therapeutic strategies. Int J Mol Sci. 2025; 26 (19): 9444.
  15. Mitkevich VA, Barykin EP, Eremina S, Pani B, Katkova-Zhukotskaya O, Polshakov VI, et al. Zn-dependent β-amyloid aggregation and its reversal by the tetrapeptide HAEE. Aging Dis. 2023; 14 (2): 309–14.
  16. Barykin EP, Garifulina AI, Tolstova AP, Anashkina AA, Adzhubei AA, Mezentsev YV, et al. Tetrapeptide Ac-HAEE-NH2 protects α4β2 nAChR from inhibition by Aβ. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21 (24): 1–18.
  17. Silva DES, Cali MP, Pazin WM, Carlos-Lima E, Salles Trevisan MT, Venâncio T, et al. Luminescent Ru(II) phenanthroline complexes as a probe for real-time imaging of Aβ self-aggregation and therapeutic applications in Alzheimer's disease. J Med Chem. 2016; 59 (19): 9215–27.
  18. Yao S, Cherny RA, Bush AI, Masters CL, Barnham KJ. Characterizing bathocuproine self-association and subsequent binding to Alzheimer's disease amyloid β-peptide by NMR. J Pept Sci. 2004; 10 (4): 210–7.
  19. Petrushanko IY, Mitkevich VA, Anashkina AA, Adzhubei AA, Burnysheva KM, Lakunina VA, et al. Direct interaction of beta-amyloid with Na, K-ATPase as a putative regulator of the enzyme function. Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 27738.