This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY).
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Changes in expression of homologous recombination genes in chemotherapy-induced tumors in vivo
1 Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
2 Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
Correspondence should be addressed: Matvey M. Tsyganov
Kooperativnaya 5, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; ur.xednay@MMvonagyst
Funding: the study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 22-15-00169-П).
Acknowledgements: to D.Zh. Bulatova, animal care specialist (Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk), and P.E. Nikiforov, laboratory research assistant (Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk) for assistance in planning and conducting experiments involving model animals.
Author contribution: Tsyganov MM — manuscript writing; Tsydenova IA — acquisition of the data for analysis; Loos DM — acquisition of the data for analysis, imaging; Ibragimova MK — editing.
Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (protocol No. 21 dated 14 October 2022). Animals were handled in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123).
- Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Kleinstreuer N, Borrel A, Cardenas A, Chiu WA, et al. The key characteristics of carcinogens: relationship to the hallmarks of cancer, relevant biomarkers, and assays to measure them. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2020; 29 (10): 1887–903.
- Barnes JL, Zubair M, John K, Poirier MC, and Martin FL. Carcinogens and DNA damage. Biochemical Society Transactions. 2018; 46 (5): p. 1213–24.
- Turner N, Reis-Filho J, Russell A, Springall R, Ryder K, Steele D, et al. BRCA1 dysfunction in sporadic basal-like breast cancer. Oncogene. 2007; 26 (14): p. 2126–32.
- Morales-Herrero M and Ortega-Medina I. Experimental carcinogenesis with 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthrazene (DMBA) and its inhibition with isothi-ocyanates. J oral res (Impresa). 2022: p. 1–13.
- Allam AM, Abubakr HO, Yassin AM, Abdel-Razek AS, Khattab MS Gouda EM, et al. Potential chemopreventive effects of Broccoli extract supplementation against 7, 12 dimethyl Benz (a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced toxicity in female rats. Scientific reports. 2023; 13 (1): p. 1–19.
- Davidson CJ, Svenson D, Hannigan JH, Perrine SA, and Bowen SE. A novel preclinical model of environment-like combined benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) exposure: Behavioral and neurochemical findings. Neurotoxicology and teratology. 2022; 91: 1–11.
- Sahay D, Lloyd SE, Rivera JA, Jezioro J, Mcdonald JD, Pitiranggon M, et al. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, altered ERα pathway-related methylation and expression, and mammary epithelial cell proliferation in offspring and grandoffspring adult mice. Environmental research. 2021; 196: 1–15.
- Xu X, Qiao W, Linke SP, Cao L, Li W-M, Furth PA, et al. Genetic interactions between tumor suppressors Brca1 and p53 in apoptosis, cell cycle and tumorigenesis. Nature genetics. 2001; 28 (3): 266–71.
- Yossepowitch O, Olvera N, Satagopan JM, Huang H, Jhanwar S, Rapaport B, et al. BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in lymphoma patients. Leukemia & lymphoma. 2003; 44 (1): 127–31.
- Matos‐Rodrigues G, Barroca V, Muhammad AA, Dardillac E, Allouch A, Koundrioukoff S, et al. In vivo reduction of RAD51-mediated homologous recombination triggers aging but impairs oncogenesis. The EMBO journal. 2023; 42 (20): 1–21.
- Kuznetsov SG, Haines DC, Martin BK, and Sharan SK. Loss of Rad51c leads to embryonic lethality and modulation of Trp53-dependent tumorigenesis in mice. Cancer research. 2009; 69 (3): 863–72.
- Yamamoto H and Hirasawa A. Homologous recombination deficiencies and hereditary tumors. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021; 23 (1): 1–18.
- Coates PJ, Lorimore SA, and Wright EG. Cell and tissue responses to genotoxic stress. The Journal of Pathology: A Journal of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 2005; 205 (2): 221–35.
- Cruz SL, Rivera-García MT, and Woodward JJ. Review of toluene action: clinical evidence, animal studies and molecular targets. Journal of drug and alcohol research. 2014; 3: 1–15.
- Fukami T, Katoh M, Yamazaki H, Yokoi T, and Nakajima M. Human cytochrome P450 2A13 efficiently metabolizes chemicals in air pollutants: naphthalene, styrene, and toluene. Chemical research in toxicology. 2008; 21 (3): 720–5.
- Rathnamali K. Dissection of laboratory animal and sample collection for histology. International Journal of Scientific and Applied Research (IJSAR), eISSN: 2583–0279. 2022; 2 (3): 1–12.
- Sadeghipour A and Babaheidarian P. Making formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded blocks. Biobanking: Methods and Protocols. 2018: 253–68.
- Greenberg AK, Yee H, and Rom WN. Preneoplastic lesions of the lung. Respiratory research. 2002; 3: 1–10.
- Tsyganov MM, Bulatova DZ, Fedorenko AA, Loos DM, Nikiforov PE, Tsydenova IA, et al. Assessment of Homologous Recombination System Gene Expression in Chemologically Induced Carcinogenesis In Vivo Models. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2026; 48 (3): 1–17.
- Myhre S, Lingjærde O-C, Hennessy BT, Aure MR, Carey MS, Alsner J, et al. Influence of DNA copy number and mRNA levels on the expression of breast cancer related proteins. Molecular oncology. 2013; 7 (3): 704–18.
- Tsyganov MM, Ibragimova MK, Garbukov EY, Bragina OD, Karchevskaya AA, Usynin EA, et al. Determination of BRCAness Phenotype in Breast Tumors for the Appointment of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Based on Platinum and Taxanes. International journal of molecular sciences. 2022; 24 (1): 1–13.
- Tsyganov MM, Ibragimova MK, Tsydenova IA, Kravtsova EA, Bayanbaeva AA, Sharipkhanova Zh, Rodionov EO, Bragina OD, Mokh AA, Miller SV. Influence of DNA copy number aberrations and changes in the expression level of homologous recombination genes on the survival of primary operable non-small cell lung cancer patients. Acta Biomedica Scientifica.2026; 10 (6): 112–22.
- Hollander MC, Kovalsky O, Salvador JM, Kim KE, Patterson AD, Haines DC, et al. Dimethylbenzanthracene carcinogenesis in Gadd45a-null mice is associated with decreased DNA repair and increased mutation frequency. Cancer research. 2001; 61 (6): 2487–91.
- Verta J-P and Jacobs A. The evolutionary significance of posttranscriptional gene regulation. Heredity. 2024; 132 (3): 117–9.
- Lopez BS. RAD51-mediated homologous recombination is a protumour driver pathway. Oncogene. 2025; 44 (42): 4006–16.
- Garcin EB, Gon S, Sullivan MR, Brunette GJ, Cian AD, Concordet J-P, et al. Differential requirements for the RAD51 paralogs in genome repair and maintenance in human cells. PLoS Genetics. 2019; 15 (10): 1–29.