Author contribution: Gordienko II — study conception, overall supervision of research stages, performing experimental surgeries, data interpretation, manuscript preparation; Kornilov DO — study conception, performing in vitro experiment, data interpretation, manuscript preparation; Chernyii SP — performing experimental surgeries and instrumental studies, data interpretation; Simarzina VM — performing in vitro experiment, visualization, manuscript preparation; Raspotsienko DY — synthesis of experimental metallic materials, performing structural studies, analysis of experimental results; Slukina AE — performing experimental surgeries, literature analysis, data interpretation, draft manuscript preparation; Ivasenko MI — performing experimental surgeries and instrumental studies, data interpretation; Vinokurov DE — synthesis of experimental metallic materials, thermal and deformation treatment of materials, sample preparation, performing structural studies; Zornikov DL — overall supervision of research stages, data analysis, data interpretation.

Compliance with ethical standards: The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg (Protocol No. 4 dated April 19, 2024). Informed consent is not applicable because laboratory animals were used.