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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Integrative pharmacognostical profiling & invitro antibacterial activity assessment of Murraya koenigii (L.) spreng

Kareem AT
Received: 2026-07-18 Accepted: 2026-08-20 Published online: 2026-08-31
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The evolution of multi drug-resistant bacterial diseases enforces the need for new botanical anti-microbiological drugs. Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng), is often used in traditional medicine; however the pharmacognosic effects and extraction efficiency need to be affirmed meticulously. The study aimed at qualitative phytochemical profiling and physicochemical standardization of M. koenigii leaf powder by aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic solvent systems, conducted for the first time. MICs were measured by microdilution to determine antibacterial activities against a panel of clinically relevant pathogens; the disc diffusion method was used for microbiological analysis. Tukey's post-hoc test was used after one-way ANOVA to examine statistical differences. Physicochemical examination showed a total ash value of 15.4% ± 0.3% w/w and a low moisture content of 4.2% ± 0.3% w/w. we detected bioactive secondary metabolites, including as tannins, alkaloids, and, flavonoids were validated by phytochemical screening, with alcoholic solvents showing higher extraction yields than water. The ethanolic extract showed strong antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis (21.0 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (21.0 mm) in disc diffusion experiments, but the aqueous extract was totally inactive (0.0 , p < 0.001). Bacillus sp. and Streptococcus mutans showed the lowest MIC values for the ethanolic extract (0.156 mg/mL). These results validate M. koenigii's potential development as a natural therapeutic agent by establishing pharmacognosic quality markers for the plant and showing that its ethanolic extract contains extremely powerful antibacterial agents, especially effective against Gram-positive clinical isolates.

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