Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Kakhkharov RA, Flegontov AN, Mokhov NV

The emergence of modern neuroimaging techniques has allowed for effective identification of patients with Chiari malformation. It is now possible to create a more accurate picture of this anomaly. Different surgical treatments can now be developed but this has led to standardization issues and lack of uniform recommendations for treatment of patients with Chiari malformation. A study conducted by the authors found that surgery involving the opening of the dura mater and subsequent plastic reconstruction by autoplastic graft was the optimal surgery option (with respect to volume of surgical treatment of such patients).

Received: 2016-06-10

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2016-04-09

Comments 0

VIEWS 3957

Belous AS, Biryukova YuK, Zatolokina MA, Lavrinenko KI, Loyko EA, Mal GS, Shevelev AB, Trubnikova EV

For many patients with lower limb ischemia, surgical treatment is not beneficial. We have studied the efficacy of combination therapy with sildenafil (Viagra) by Pfizer, France, and cerebrolysin (Ever Neuro Pharma, Austria) for lower limb ischemia in the Wistar rat model. The animals were divided into 6 groups (20 rats each): intact animals; sham-operated animals; rats with ischemia and no treatment administered (controls); rats with ischemia who received a 28-day monotherapy with sildenafil (2.2 mg/kg orally); rats with ischemia who received a 28-day monotherapy with 0.005 ml cerebrolysin; rats with ischemia who received a combination therapy with 2.2. mg/kg sildenafil for 7 days and 0.005 ml i. m. cerebrolysin for 10 days. Microcirculation in shin muscles was evaluated on days 21 and 28 of the experiment. On the same days, rats were overdosed with anesthetics and sacrificed in tens. Then, histological sections of shin muscles were prepared. Regional blood flow was significantly higher (p <0.05) in three experimental groups, compared to the controls; however, the combination therapy was far more effective than monotherapy, regardless of the medication used. Macroscopically, the muscles of the animals included into the experimental groups did not differ from the muscles of the intact animals; microscopically, no necrotic lesions were observed in the experimental groups that were typical for the ischemized rats who had received no treatment. Neovascularization was also observed in the experimental groups.

Received: 2016-08-20

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2016-04-10

Comments 0

VIEWS 3701

The review describes the use of biomaterials (polymeric biomaterials in particular) in the development of medical and biological products and devices, such as implants and endoprostheses; components of bioactive and pharmaceutical agents; carriers for bioengineering applications; sorbent agents and membrane systems used for the purification and separation of biological media; artificial biocatalysts, and general purpose biodegradable products. This review is provided with a short reference list of relevant monographs and reviews predominantly by Russian authors.

Received: 2016-10-21

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2016-05-01

Comments 0

VIEWS 4117

Razumovskiy AYu, Mokrushina OG, Shumikhin VS, Schapov NF, Petrova LV

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an absolute indication for surgical treatment. In case of extensive defects of the diaphragm, such as diaphragmatic aplasia, the use of implants is required. So far, there is no unanimous opinion on the type of the implant. The article presents a comparative analysis of treatment of 40 newborns with left pseuso-CDH. All patients received thoracoscopic repair of the diaphragmatic cupula. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of the implant: 16 newborns received Ecoflon synthetic implants (Ecoflon Scientific and Production Complex, Russia) and 24 newborns received Permacol biologic implants (Tissue Science Laboratories, UK). The study demonstrated superiority of the biologic implant. The use of this type of material allowed for the repair of the diaphragm and ensured a long-term positive outcome. In our opinion, the use of the biologic implant prevents inflammation in the area of repair and decreases relapse rates in patients with extensive diaphragmatic defects.

Received: 2016-10-18

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2016-05-02

Comments 0

VIEWS 3478

The treatment of urinary incontinence in epispadias, which is malformation of the lower urinary tract, is a pressing problem due to the severity of congenital anatomic and functional pathology and the lack of a universal treatment to achieve urinary control. The aim of the study was to develop basic principles of surgical treatment of epispadias-related urinary incontinence. Additionally, we aimed to introduce into clinical practice the use of synthetic implants (synthetic slings) and evaluate treatment outcomes. The total of 20 boys aged 7–15 years received surgical treatment for subtotal and total epispadias. The first stage of surgical reconstruction was Cantwell’s phallo-urethroplasty followed by the placement of synthetic slings TVT, TVT-O, and AdVance. The children began to accumulate up to 250–550 ml of urine in any position of the body at relative rest and on effort, and were able to hold urine for up to 3 hours and to empty the bladder completely with normal flow. The total loss of urine per day decreased 10-15 times and did not exceed 10–30 ml. The lower urinary tract was evaluated using urodynamic (uroflowmetry, urethral profilometry) and electrophysiological (electroneuromyography) methods. Restoration of urethral anatomy leads to improved accumulative ability of the detrusor, and use of synthetic slings is a low-invasive and highly effective surgical method for treating urinary incontinence.

Received: 2016-10-12

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2016-05-03

Comments 0

VIEWS 3921

Khagurov RA, Alexandrov AV, Rybchenok VV, Glukhovskij EM, Velskaya YuI, Lvov NV, Koval SYu

The article describes the treatment of children with vast scar deformities and extensive benign soft tissue neoplasms. The method is presented in a clinical case of successful skin restoration using balloon skin expansion. The opinion and recommendations of the authors on optimal treatment of these defects and decrease of possible complications using laser Doppler flowmetry for evaluation of the state of microcirculation in the skin flap are based on the results of the long-term use of this method in the Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Microsurgery of Filatov Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 13.

Received: 2016-09-26

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2016-05-05

Comments 0

VIEWS 3348

Bokareva NA, Milushkina OYu, Ovchinnikova ZA, Pivovarov YuP, Sheina NI

Physical development and health of today’s schoolchildren are influenced by various factors, including the way the learning process is organized. This article presents data on some aspects of physical development of 1585 teenagers (15 to 17 years old) from 35 Moscow schools, including general education schools, specialized schools, schools with optional advanced courses in biomedical sciences, and health promoting schools. We studied basic anthropometric characteristics of the participants (body height and weight), assessed their psychoemotional status using the Children’s Form of Manifest Anxiety Scale and their lifestyle using questionnaire surveys. The control group included teenagers from general education schools. The study showed that the number of teenagers with no abnormalities in their physical development was significantly higher in health promoting school while the number of overweight students there was significantly lower, compared to the controls (p <0.05). For other groups of participants, the results were statistically insignificant. We established statistically significant correlations between well-proportioned physical development and the impacts of night sleep deficit (r= – 0.44, p <0.05), time spent working on the computer (r = –0.44, p <0.05), psychological climate in the family (r = –0.20, p <0.05), and meal frequency (Pearson's contingency coefficient was 0.41, with p <0.01, Cramer's contingency coefficient was 0.32, with p <0.03).

Received: 2016-05-23

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2016-03-09

Comments 0

VIEWS 3830

Gas diffusion and transcapillary exchange take place in the microvasculature. Therefore, the evaluation of skin blood flow regulation and functional capacities of the microcirculatory system at various ontogenesis stages is of great importance. Using laser Doppler flowmetry in the group of boys (n = 15) and girls (n = 13) of 8 and 10 years of age, skin microcirculation and its regulatory mechanisms were evaluated. The study found an increase in the perfusion index in children between the age of 8 and 10 induced by the shifting roles of mechanisms of the microcirculatory regulation. The comparison of basal microcirculatory parameters did not display statistically significant differences related to sex in 8- and 10-year old participants. However, almost equal perfusion in boys and girls was maintained by different contributions of regulatory mechanisms. The breath holding test showed an increase in the initial microcirculation index and capillary blood flow reserve in the group of 10-year-old boys and girls. Our study revealed differences in various microcirculation parameters, in the intensity of active and passive rhythms of blood flow oscillations and response to inspiratory breath hold, which indicates age-related transformations of microcirculation system.

Received: 2016-06-01

Published online: 2017-01-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2016-03-08

Comments 0

VIEWS 4499