Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Grigoryan RK, Filatov DB, Kaplan AYa

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies are actively used in clinical practice to communicate with patients unable to speak and move. Such interfaces imply identifying potentials evoked by stimuli meaningful to the patient in his/her EEG and interpreting these potentials into inputs for the communication software. The stimuli can take form of highlighted letters on a screen, etc. This study aimed to investigate EEG indicators and assess the command input performance of a promising type of BCI utilizing the so-called code-modulated visual evoked potentials (CVEP) appearing in response to a certain sequence of highlights of the desired letter. The operation of the interface was studied on 15 healthy volunteers. During the experiments, we changed the speed of stimuli demonstration and inverted the order of flashing. It was established that the optimal speed of stimulation significantly depends on individual traits of the person receiving the stimuli, and inversion of their sequence does not affect operation of the interface. The median accuracy of selection of commands was as follows: 1 s stimulation cycle mode — 0.96 and 0.95 (information transfer rate 142 and 141 bit per minute); 2 s stimulation cycle mode — 1; 0.5 s cycle — 0.33. The evoked potentials were most expressed at the Oz site. It was assumed that CVEP-based brain-computer interfaces can be optimized through individualization of the set of stimulation parameters.

Received: 2018-07-29

Published online: 2019-04-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.019

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VIEWS 4548

Slavyanskaya TA, Salnikova SV

Cancer incidence rates are growing at an alarming pace pressing for the development of innovative personalized approaches to treating this disease. The absence of clinical symptoms in the early stages delays the onset of adequate treatment. Traditional therapies are not always as effective as they should be and do not guarantee long-lasting relapse-free survival. Metastatic cancers pose a particular challenge to healthcare professionals. This review touches upon the immunologic mechanisms underlying the development of malignancies, talks about conventional and innovative therapeutic modalities, such as targeted, gene or specific immunotherapies, and analyzes the literature on the use of different approaches that form a basis for precision oncology.

Received: 2018-08-24

Published online: 2019-03-31

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.018

Comments 0

VIEWS 3797

In the journal Bulletin of the Russian State Medical University (July – August 2018/04, p. 32–38), mistakes were made in the article: https://vestnikrgmu.ru/archive/2018/4/4/abstract?lang=en Kleymenov DA, Verdiev BI, Enenko AA, Guschin VA, Tkachuk AP. Performance of the original workstation for aerosol tests under controlled conditions. Bulletin of RSMU. 2018; (4): 32–8. DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.053 The editors ask for the following changes: Printed by: p. 32, "Funding" This work was supported by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation as part of the project The National System for Chemical and Biological Security of the Russian Federation (2015-2020) and by the Ministry of Education and Science as part of the project RFMEFI60117X0018. It should be: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science within the framework of the project RFMEFI60117X0018.

Received: 2019-01-13

Published online: 2019-03-16

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.017

Comments 0

VIEWS 2878

In the journal Bulletin of the Russian State Medical University (July – August 2018/04, p. 25–31), mistakes were made in the article: https://vestnikrgmu.ru/archive/2018/4/3/abstract?lang=en Akmalov AE, Kotkovskii GE, Stolyarov SV, Verdiev BI, Ovchinnikov RS, Pochtovyy AA, et al. High-performance aerosol sampler with liquid phase recirculation and pre-concentration of particles. Bulletin of RSMU. 2018; (4): 25–31. DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.049 The editors ask for the following changes: Printed by: p. 25, "Funding" This work was supported by the Federal Target Program The National System for Chemical and Biological Security of the Russian Federation (2015-2020), the state contract No. K-27-НИР/148-2 signed by the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation and the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI. It should be: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science within the framework of the projectRFMEFI60117X0018.

Received: 2019-01-13

Published online: 2019-03-16

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.016

Comments 0

VIEWS 2955

In the journal Bulletin of the Russian State Medical University (July – August 2018/04, p. 5–18), mistakes were made in the article: https://vestnikrgmu.ru/archive/2018/4/1/abstract?lang=en Guschin VA, Manuilov VA, Makarov VV, Tkachuk AP. The proper structure of a biosafety system as a way of reducing the vulnerability of a society, economy or state in the face of a biogenic threat. Bulletin of RSMU. 2018; (4): 5–18. DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.054 The editors ask for the following changes: Printed by: p. 5, "Funding" This work was supported by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation as part of the project The National System for Chemical and Biological Security of the Russian Federation (2015-2020) and by the Ministry of Education and Science as part of the project RFMEFI60117X0018. It should be: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science within the framework of the project RFMEFI60117X0018.

Received: 2019-01-13

Published online: 2019-03-16

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.015

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VIEWS 3101

Boeva VV, Boeva TA, Zavyalov AN

In order to assess the diagnosis of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, day care patients from Tambov central regional hospital were investigated. The study was conducted during 6 months in 2018. The study included 91 patients and allowed the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in 31 (34.0%) cases, 6 (6.5%) impaired fasting glucose and 22 (24.1%) impaired glucose tolerance. This survey highlighted the necessity to expand the screening populations at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The rational for the 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test for all individuals with fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.6 ≤ 6.0 mmol/l and having one or more risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes and / or metabolic syndrome is shown. Among these categories diabetes was detected in 4.3%, and prediabetes in 14.4% of cases.

Received: 2018-08-10

Published online: 2019-03-16

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.014

Comments 0

VIEWS 3811

Shokhina AG, Belousov VV, Bilan DS

Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors are exploited to study a variety of biological processes in living organisms in real time. In recent years, a whole family of biosensors has been developed, serving to visualize changes in the glutathione redox state. The aim of our experiment was to design a biosensor based on the red fluorescent protein mKate2 for measuring the 2GSH/GSSG ratio. A pair of cysteine amino acid residues were introduced into the structure of the fluorescent protein using site-directed mutagenesis. These residues form a disulfide bridge when the surrounding glutathione pool is oxidized, affecting the spectral characteristics of the protein. Our biosensor, which we called roKate, was tested in vitro on an isolated protein. Specifically, we examined the spectral characteristics, pH and the redox potential of the sensor. Additionally, the performance of roKate was evaluated using the culture of living mammalian cells. The fluorescent signal emitted by the sensor was very bright and remarkably stable under pH conditions varying in the physiological range. Irreversibly oxidized in mammalian cells, roKate stands out from other members of this biosensor family. This biosensor should be preferred in the experiments when the time between the manipulations with the biological object and the subsequent analysis of the induced effect is substantial, as is the case with long sample preparation.

Received: 2018-12-26

Published online: 2019-03-15

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.013

Comments 0

VIEWS 3729

Borodina IE, Popov AA, Salavatova GG, Shardina LA

Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a rare disease that can be overlooked during the first visit to a GP, rheumatologist, or any other medical specialist due to a variety of its symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and the course of patients with TA residing in the Middle Ural. A retrospective analysis was conducted using the medical records of 183 patients treated at the Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital 1 from 1979 through 2018. The male to female ratio was 1:3. The mean age was 33.5 years for women and 35.2 for men. The most frequently involved arteries were subclavian (101 cases; 55%), carotid (98 cases; 53%) and renal (77 cases; 42%). Type V was the most common angiographic type. Arterial stenosis was present in 94 (51%) patients. Sixty-six patients received surgical interventions. Of all patients included in the analysis, 31 died. The observed 5-year survival was 92%, 10-year survival, 90% and 15-year survival, 80%. Seventy-two patients (39%) developed major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and thrombosis of large arteries/veins. The clinical presentation of TA may vary in different geographical regions.

Received: 2018-08-10

Published online: 2019-03-14

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.012

Comments 0

VIEWS 3534