Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

Scopus

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Log In Registration RU

Valyakh MA, Kats DV, Glazko NG, Baranov MV

Space medicine has long studied the impact of reduced gravity on the human body. Increasing complaints of insufficient visual acuity during and after space flights have been recently drawing a lot of attention to the effects of hypogravity on astronauts’ vision. Abnormally high intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the most clinically important changes occurring during space missions. It is a serious condition that often causes irreversible damage to the optic nerve and blindness. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of reduced gravity on IOP. The study recruited 48 young healthy men with the mean age of 22 years, who formed 2 equally sized groups. In the experimental group, hypogravity was simulated by placing the subjects into the orthostatic position for 21 days. IOP was measured at 4 time points using a Maklakov tonometer. Z-approximation of the Wilcoxon T test was applied. The average increase in IOP in the experimental group was 3.42 ± 0.03 mmHg (р < 0.01). The changes were, however, transient, and IOP levels went back to normal right after the exposure to hypogravity conditions was terminated.

Received: 2019-06-03

Published online: 2019-06-19

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.041

Comments 0

VIEWS 4511

Goltsov AYu, Mukosey IS, Kochetkova TO, Shubina J, Kuznetsova MV, Stupko OK, Barkov IYu, Rebrikov DV, Trofimov DYu

Timely detection of fetal aneuploidy is an important aspect of clinical practice. At present, analytical techniques involving high-throughput sequencing are on the rise. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) ensures reliable results as early as week 9–11 into pregnancy. This article describes a clinical case of NIPT application and further verification of its results. Using next-generation sequencing, the microarray analysis of cell-free DNA in the amniotic fluid and the cytogenetic analysis of fetal chromosomes, a high risk of chromosomal rearrangements was detected in the short arms of chromosomes 4 and 12. This prediction was verified by molecular karyotyping conducted in both parents. The mother was found to be a balanced carrier of translocations between chromosomes 4 and 12. This case demonstrates the advantages of a whole-genome approach to NIPT over targeted-based.

Received: 2019-05-24

Published online: 2019-06-15

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.040

Comments 0

VIEWS 5135

Sashkina TI, Runova GS, Abdullaeva AI, Bozhedomov AYu, Saldusova IV, Zaychenko OV, Faskhutdinov DK, Sokolova SI

Generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) is a widespread disease. It has a serious negative impact on the quality of a patient’s life, posing a challenge to dentists all over the world. At present, standard therapy regimens for GCP adopted in the Russian Federation do not account for the mucosal barrier state, which is determined by a number of various factors, including the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). In our study, we attempted to assess the functional state of the mucosal barrier in patients with GCP and to provide a rationale for using immunotherapy aimed at restoring the effective barrier function of the oral mucosa. SIgA concentrations, which served as an indicator of the mucosal barrier state, were measured with ELISA. We found that patients with GCP had significantly lower sIgA concentrations in the oral fluid in comparison with healthy individuals. Although therapeutic procedures did help to increase sIgA levels, they still were much lower after therapy than in healthy volunteers (54.6 ± 30.5 µg/ml vs 151.2 ± 105.2 µg/ml). Increased permeability of the mucosal barrier caused sIgA to leak into the peripheral blood serum, where its concentration grew from 0.21 ± 0.28 µg/ml to 0.35 ± 0.47 µg/ml during the treatment course, suggesting damage to the mucosal integrity. This fact needs to be accounted for when treating patients with GCP.

Received: 2019-05-19

Published online: 2019-06-15

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.039

Comments 0

VIEWS 4745

Kostenko EV, Eneeva MA, Kravchenko VG

The efficacy of rehabilitation in post-TIA patients still remains a clinical challenge, considering the combined burden of the primary disease and comorbidities. The aim of this study was to provide a rationale for introducing psychological counseling into post-TIA rehabilitation programs after studying the presentations of cognitive and emotional impairments developed after this cerebrovascular event. We analyzed in- and outpatient medical records of 351 participants (the mean age was 58.6 ± 2.2 years) who had experienced a TIA. Data was collected from forms 0.25/y and 003/y, medical/social questionnaires and also included MMSE and HADS scores. We found that CI and MD ranked second after cardiovascular diseases among the comorbidities in post-TIA patients (186.8 cases per 100 patients). We conclude that rehabilitation of post-TIA patients should involve a multidisciplinary team of experts including a psychotherapist or a clinical psychologist who will provide psychological counselling.

Received: 2019-05-24

Published online: 2019-06-08

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.038

Comments 0

VIEWS 4803

Savinov VB, Botman SA, Sapunov VV, Petrov VA, Samusev IG, Shusharina NN

The existing emotion recognition techniques based on the analysis of the tone of voice or facial expressions do not possess sufficient specificity and accuracy. These parameters can be significantly improved by employing physiological signals that escape the filters of human consciousness. The aim of this work was to carry out an EEG-based binary classification of emotional valence using a convolutional neural network and to compare its performance to that of a random forest algorithm. A healthy 30-year old male was recruited for the experiment. The experiment included 10 two-hour-long sessions of watching videos that the participant had selected according to his personal preferences. During the sessions, an electroencephalogram was recorded. Then, the signal was cleared of artifacts, segmented and fed to the model. Using a neural network, we were able to achieve a F1 score of 87%, which is significantly higher than the F1 score for a random forest model (67%). The results of our experiment suggest that convolutional neural networks in general and the proposed architecture in particular hold great promise for emotion recognition based on electrophysiological signals. Further refinement of the proposed approach may involve optimization of the network architecture to include more classes of emotions and improvement of the network’s generalization capacity when working with a large number of participants.

Received: 2019-03-21

Published online: 2019-05-29

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.037

Comments 0

VIEWS 4757

Korostin DO, Plakhina DA, Belova VA

The last couple of years have witnessed the rapid development of prenatal molecular-based screening for fetal aneuploidies that utilizes the analysis of cell-free DNA circulating in the bloodstream of a pregnant woman. The present review looks at the potential and limitations of such testing and the possible causes of false-positive and false-negative results. The review also describes the underlying principles of data acquisition and analysis the testing involves. In addition, we talk about the opinions held by the expert community and some aspects of legislation on the use of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in clinical practice in the countries where NIPT is much more widespread than in Russia.

Received: 2018-10-05

Published online: 2019-05-23

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.036

Comments 0

VIEWS 5325

Yakovleva AV, Yakovlev AA, Petrova MV, Krylov KYu

76.72% of patients admitted to the ICU of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology (FRCC ICMR) in a chronic critical condition (CCC) associated with various types of damage to the brain were diagnosed with decubitus ulcers (DU), or bedsores, of 3rd and/or 4th stage. 33.41% of them were planned to undergo invasive rehabilitation procedures (neurosurgical intervention) that cannot be done while the patient has DU. This report describes a complex technique used to treat a 4th-stage sacrum DU in a CCC patient that needed ventriculoperitoneal shunting. We have covered contraindications to the exclusively surgical DU closing and the successful and rapid healing of the 4th-stage sacrum DU after application of the treatment technique.

Received: 2019-03-28

Published online: 2019-05-18

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.035

Comments 0

VIEWS 4688

Kozina AA, Shatalov PA, Baranich TI, Artemieva SB, Kupriyanova AG, Baryshnikova NV, Krasnenko AYu, Ilinsky VV, Sukhorukov VS

Congenital core myopathies are a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of congenital myopathies that share a specific histopathological feature: areas of reduced oxidative activity in muscle fibers. The relationship between clinical, genetic and morphological characteristics of this group of disorders remains understudied. The aim of this work was to compare clinical presentations and morphological phenotypes of patients with congenital myopathies/myodystrophy to the data yielded by massively parallel exome sequencing. Eight children were included in the study: 2 boys and 6 girls aged 3 to 14 years. Their biopsy material was analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Sequencing was performed on HiSeq2500. Mutations were detected in 7 (87.5%) of 8 participants. Six children had 8 mutations in the genes associated with congenital core myopathies; one patient had 2 mutations in the LAMA2 gene implicated in merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy. The proportions of patients with mutations in RYR1 and SEPN1 were equal (42.86%). Of 10 detected mutations, 3 had not been previously described, including c.7561G>A in RYR1, c.485C>A in SEPN1 and p.Cys1136Arg in LAMA2. The clinical and morphological features of core myopathies suggest that genetic causes of this group of disorders should not be limited to RYR1 and SEPN1 genes only. This necessitates the search for and the study of other genes implicated in congenital myopathies or myodystrophy using state-of-the-art molecular genetic tools.

Received: 2019-02-07

Published online: 2019-05-01

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.034

Comments 0

VIEWS 4725