Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Log In Registration RU

Reutov AA, Aronov MS, Kushel YuV

Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas make up only 0.22% of all fistulas. This article reports a postoperative arteriovenous fistula in a female patient who initially presented with a vestibular schwannoma and was operated using the retrosigmoid approach. Undesired clinical symptoms developed after the patient had been discharged home, and included pulsatile tinnitus, which intensified when the patent tilted or turned her head. The diagnosis was established based on cerebral angiography findings during the second hospital stay. This case report describes complications of retrosigmoid craniotomy, clinical manifestations of the arteriovenous fistula and successful fistula embolization.

Received: 2018-01-19

Published online: 2018-08-15

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.034

Comments 0

VIEWS 3339

Gaydina TA, Dvornikov AS, Skripkina PA, Arutyunyan GB

Nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn (NSJ) is a benign skin lesion, a hamartoma typically localized to the face or scalp and equally common in men and women. Pluripotent epithelial cells that give rise to NSJ provide a favorable environment for benign and malignant tumors to form in the nevus. Because of the possibility of malignant transformation, NSJ should be removed after puberty. If surgery is impossible, long-term observation is indicated. In this work we present two cases of successful NSJ treatment with the CO2 laser in young patients.

Received: 2018-05-05

Published online: 2018-08-14

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.033

Comments 0

VIEWS 3932

Sidorenko AS, Zheltukhin AO, Le TH, Soboleva AV, Lipatova AV, Golbin DA, Chumakov PM

Natural non-pathogenic and vaccine strains of human enteroviruses are currently considered as promising agents capable of treating various kinds of cancer, including glioblastoma multiforme, the most aggressive brain tumor with so far no effective therapy. Enteroviruses can selectively replicate in cancer cells and cause tumor lysis. However, the ability of enteroviruses to persist in tumor tissue for a long period of time and to replicate in several successive cycles while spreading from cell to cell remains largely unclear. This study aimed to determine the possibility of completely destroying subcutaneous mouse xenografts of human glioblastomas through a single intravenous administration of virus-carrying peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as to find out the duration of persistence of the virus in the body of experimental animals in the context of viral therapy. Neurospheres were formed in vitro by incubating fragments of patients-derived glioblastomas and used to initiate subcutaneous tumors in immunodeficient mice. It was established that human peripheral blood leukocytes infected in vitro can effectively deliver Coxsackie A7 virus to the tumor cells. A single injection of 2 × 104 virus-infected leukocytes led to a gradual regression of tumors, while the virus presence was constantly detectable in the blood of mice, up to the complete regression of the tumors. The study allows to make the conclusion that blood leukocytes can effectively deliver Coxsackie A7 virus to the tumor. In the absence of a full-fledged immune response in mice, the viruses persist in tumors leading to their complete destruction.

Received: 2018-07-13

Published online: 2018-08-11

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.032

Comments 0

VIEWS 3770

Shubina J, Jankevic T, Goltsov AYu, Mukosey IS, Kochetkova TO, Bystritsky AA, Barkov IYu, Tetruashvili NK, Kim LV, Trofimov DYu

Introduced into clinical practice in 2011, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) allows detection of chromosomal aneuploidies in the fetus using maternal blood samples. Multiple studies have shown that one of the key factors affecting the result of this test is the fetal DNA fraction. The aim of this work was to develop a method capable of measuring the fetal DNA fraction based on targeted SNP sequencing. We selected polymorphisms with high frequency of heterozygous genotype from the international HapMap database. To estimate the frequency of these polymorphisms in the Russian population, we used 827 DNA donor samples. Fetal DNA fraction was measured in 87 plasma samples of pregnant women. Sequencing was performed on Ion Proton and Ion S5. We determined the frequencies of the studied polymorphisms in the pooled samples and compared the data on 53 SNPs in the pooled and 87 individual samples. The median difference was 3.4%. The correlation between the results obtained by targeted SNP sequencing and Y chromosome read count was 0.7. Thus, the proposed method can be used to estimate the fetal DNA fraction using SNP genotyping regardless of the fetus’s sex.

Received: 2018-04-15

Published online: 2018-08-11

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.031

Comments 0

VIEWS 3251

Ivashchenko AV, Fedyaev IM, Yablokov AE, Kolganov IN, Balandin EI, Tlustenko VP

One of the alternatives to permanent tooth removal is intentional reimplantation. A tooth saved by reimplantation can later serve as a support for various types of dental prostheses. Tooth replantation is indicated if there is an infection in the periapical area unresponsive to conservative treatment or apicoectomy is not possible, etc. The female patient S. presented with missing teeth and significant coronal decay both on the upper and lower jaws. Three months after the teeth had been extracted and reimplanted, the patient underwent another panoramic radiography scan. On the post-op orthopantomogram the dental cement appeared evenly distributed in the root canals and the trabecular bone tissue was rebuilding in the periapical area of the replanted teeth. Later, we installed fixed dental porcelain-fused-to-metal prostheses supported by the replanted teeth. The patient also received removable dentures. A 2-year follow-up showed no signs of pathologic mobility in the replanted teeth, robust trabecular tissue regeneration in the periapical area and stability of dental prostheses supported by the replanted teeth.

Received: 2018-04-04

Published online: 2018-08-02

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.030

Comments 0

VIEWS 3254

Shakhanov AV, Uryasev OM

Nitric oxide has a significant role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and hypertension. Its synthesis is catalyzed by NO synthases. The nucleotide composition of genes coding for these enzymes can affect their activity; therefore, it is important to understand the effect of the NOS3 786C/T polymorphism (rs2070744) on the blood levels of nitric oxide in patients with bronchial asthma and hypertension. Our study recruited 71 individuals. The main group consisted of 24 asthmatic hypertensive patients. Two comparison groups included patients with isolated asthma and isolated hypertension. All patients were genotyped for the NOS3 786C/T polymorphism. We measured total nitric oxide metabolites in their blood using a photocolorimetric technique and the Griess reagent. The levels of nitric oxide in the exhaled air were determined electrochemically using a portable NObreath monitor. The blood levels of nitric oxide metabolites amounted to 69.7 (60.0; 70.4) μmol/l in the CC genotype carriers, 68.9 (57.7; 77.4) μmol/l in the CT genotype carriers and 67.7 (59.7; 79.3) μmol/l in the patients with the TT genotype (p = 0.843). Individually, the groups demonstrated a clear association between the NOS3 786C/T polymorphism and the blood levels of nitric oxide metabolites. The patients with bronchial asthma and hypertension demonstrated a tendency to increasing nitric oxide levels following the pattern CC < CT < TT (p = 0.033 and p = 0.024, respectively). Thus, the C allele of the NOS3 786C/T polymorphism is associated with lower blood levels of nitric oxide metabolites in patients with bronchial asthma and hypertension.

Received: 2018-04-20

Published online: 2018-07-29

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.029

Comments 0

VIEWS 3435

Smelova IV, Golovneva ES

Hypothyroidism remains a pressing concern. Laser irradiation is a widely used treatment option for patients with thyroid pathologies. Its efficacy depends on the applied dose. Changes in the form and volume of the structural components of the glands, such as thyrocytes and follicles, are dose-dependent and signal their functional state, which affects production, accumulation and secretion of thyroid hormones. The aim of our study was to explore the effect of infrared medium-power laser with total energy densities of 112 J/cm2 and 450 J/cm2 on the morphology and function of the thyroid and its follicles in health and hypothyroidism. The experiment was conducted in male rats. It was demonstrated that laser radiation affects the morphological state of thyrocytes and follicles of both intact animals and animals with experimentally induced hypothyroidism. Comparison of two laser regimens revealed that 112 J/cm2 energies stimulated tissue regeneration and thyroid activity in general, whereas 450 J/cm2 energies suppressed those processes. Our findings can be used to study hypothyroidism treatment options in the experimental setting.

Received: 2018-02-15

Published online: 2018-07-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.028

Comments 0

VIEWS 3437

Zhulai GА, Churov AV, Oleinik EK, Romanov AA, Semakova PN, Oleinik VM

Pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is accompanied by significant changes in the immune system. However, the role of the adenosine-A2AR-mediated immunosuppressive pathway in oncogenesis and more specifically, the expression of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1, also known as CD39) remains unclear. The aim of this work was to study the role of СD4+ Т cells, most importantly CD39-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the formation of immune suppression in CRC and in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Expression of CD39 by peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of CD39 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the peripheral blood leukocytes were determined by real-time PCR. Our study reveals that patients with CRC accumulate peripheral CD4+CD39+ cells in the advanced stages of the disease. The proportion of CD39-expressing CD4+ Т cells in the total pool of TILs was higher than in the peripheral blood of the same patients. Tregs of both peripheral blood and tumor specimens of CRC patients showed increased CD39 expression. We have found reliable correlations between the levels of CD4+CD39+ T cells and the parameters of cell-mediated immunity in CRC patients. Also, CD39 mRNA levels gradually increased during CRC progression. In contrast, patients with AP have the same levels of CD39 mRNA and peripheral blood CD4+CD39+ Т cells as the controls. Finally, we conclude that activation of CD4+CD39+ Т cells has an important role in oncogenesis and needs to be studied further.

Received: 2018-01-25

Published online: 2018-07-25

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.027

Comments 0

VIEWS 3893