Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

Scopus

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Log In Registration RU

Kostenko EV, Eneeva MA, Kravchenko VG

The efficacy of rehabilitation in post-TIA patients still remains a clinical challenge, considering the combined burden of the primary disease and comorbidities. The aim of this study was to provide a rationale for introducing psychological counseling into post-TIA rehabilitation programs after studying the presentations of cognitive and emotional impairments developed after this cerebrovascular event. We analyzed in- and outpatient medical records of 351 participants (the mean age was 58.6 ± 2.2 years) who had experienced a TIA. Data was collected from forms 0.25/y and 003/y, medical/social questionnaires and also included MMSE and HADS scores. We found that CI and MD ranked second after cardiovascular diseases among the comorbidities in post-TIA patients (186.8 cases per 100 patients). We conclude that rehabilitation of post-TIA patients should involve a multidisciplinary team of experts including a psychotherapist or a clinical psychologist who will provide psychological counselling.

Received: 2019-05-24

Published online: 2019-06-08

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.038

Comments 0

VIEWS 5214

Savinov VB, Botman SA, Sapunov VV, Petrov VA, Samusev IG, Shusharina NN

The existing emotion recognition techniques based on the analysis of the tone of voice or facial expressions do not possess sufficient specificity and accuracy. These parameters can be significantly improved by employing physiological signals that escape the filters of human consciousness. The aim of this work was to carry out an EEG-based binary classification of emotional valence using a convolutional neural network and to compare its performance to that of a random forest algorithm. A healthy 30-year old male was recruited for the experiment. The experiment included 10 two-hour-long sessions of watching videos that the participant had selected according to his personal preferences. During the sessions, an electroencephalogram was recorded. Then, the signal was cleared of artifacts, segmented and fed to the model. Using a neural network, we were able to achieve a F1 score of 87%, which is significantly higher than the F1 score for a random forest model (67%). The results of our experiment suggest that convolutional neural networks in general and the proposed architecture in particular hold great promise for emotion recognition based on electrophysiological signals. Further refinement of the proposed approach may involve optimization of the network architecture to include more classes of emotions and improvement of the network’s generalization capacity when working with a large number of participants.

Received: 2019-03-21

Published online: 2019-05-29

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.037

Comments 0

VIEWS 5182

Korostin DO, Plakhina DA, Belova VA

The last couple of years have witnessed the rapid development of prenatal molecular-based screening for fetal aneuploidies that utilizes the analysis of cell-free DNA circulating in the bloodstream of a pregnant woman. The present review looks at the potential and limitations of such testing and the possible causes of false-positive and false-negative results. The review also describes the underlying principles of data acquisition and analysis the testing involves. In addition, we talk about the opinions held by the expert community and some aspects of legislation on the use of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in clinical practice in the countries where NIPT is much more widespread than in Russia.

Received: 2018-10-05

Published online: 2019-05-22

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.036

Comments 0

VIEWS 5771

Yakovleva AV, Yakovlev AA, Petrova MV, Krylov KYu

76.72% of patients admitted to the ICU of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology (FRCC ICMR) in a chronic critical condition (CCC) associated with various types of damage to the brain were diagnosed with decubitus ulcers (DU), or bedsores, of 3rd and/or 4th stage. 33.41% of them were planned to undergo invasive rehabilitation procedures (neurosurgical intervention) that cannot be done while the patient has DU. This report describes a complex technique used to treat a 4th-stage sacrum DU in a CCC patient that needed ventriculoperitoneal shunting. We have covered contraindications to the exclusively surgical DU closing and the successful and rapid healing of the 4th-stage sacrum DU after application of the treatment technique.

Received: 2019-03-28

Published online: 2019-05-17

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.035

Comments 0

VIEWS 5123

Kozina AA, Shatalov PA, Baranich TI, Artemieva SB, Kupriyanova AG, Baryshnikova NV, Krasnenko AYu, Ilinsky VV, Sukhorukov VS

Congenital core myopathies are a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of congenital myopathies that share a specific histopathological feature: areas of reduced oxidative activity in muscle fibers. The relationship between clinical, genetic and morphological characteristics of this group of disorders remains understudied. The aim of this work was to compare clinical presentations and morphological phenotypes of patients with congenital myopathies/myodystrophy to the data yielded by massively parallel exome sequencing. Eight children were included in the study: 2 boys and 6 girls aged 3 to 14 years. Their biopsy material was analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Sequencing was performed on HiSeq2500. Mutations were detected in 7 (87.5%) of 8 participants. Six children had 8 mutations in the genes associated with congenital core myopathies; one patient had 2 mutations in the LAMA2 gene implicated in merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy. The proportions of patients with mutations in RYR1 and SEPN1 were equal (42.86%). Of 10 detected mutations, 3 had not been previously described, including c.7561G>A in RYR1, c.485C>A in SEPN1 and p.Cys1136Arg in LAMA2. The clinical and morphological features of core myopathies suggest that genetic causes of this group of disorders should not be limited to RYR1 and SEPN1 genes only. This necessitates the search for and the study of other genes implicated in congenital myopathies or myodystrophy using state-of-the-art molecular genetic tools.

Received: 2019-02-07

Published online: 2019-04-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.034

Comments 0

VIEWS 5110

Takhchidi KhP, Kachalina GF, Kasmynina TA, Tebina EP

Process of development of epiretinal membrane (ERM) on the retinal surface of macular area is one of the important problems associated with vitreoretinal pathologies. Up to the present day, there has not been developed an effective method to arrest fibrosis at the early stages of its development. This study aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of the new combined laser technique designed to treat early idiopathic ERM (stages 0–1). Ninety-two patients aged 64.7 ± 9.6 years (mean) participated in the clinical research. They were divided into three groups: treatment group (n = 32), patients whose ERM was treated following the new combined laser technique; comparison group (n = 30), patients who underwent grid laser coagulation; control group (n = 30), no treatment, observation of the natural course. Based on the results of examination of the patients, we assessed uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness, central retinal sensitivity. Assessed against the results registered in comparison and control groups, the developed combined laser treatment technique applied in the treatment group proved to be highly effective in maintaining/improving visual functional indicators and stabilizing/improving morphofunctional indicators throughout the entire period of observation. As pertains to the morphological and functional structures of sensory retina, the technique enabled retinal sensitivity improvement at different stages of observation, which reflects its safety and efficacy.

Received: 2019-03-18

Published online: 2019-04-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.033

Comments 0

VIEWS 4977

Takhchidi KhP, Zheltov GI, Kachalina GF, Kasmynina TA, Tebina EP

An epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a product of abnormal cell proliferation on the inner surface of the retina and at the vitreomacular interface. Laser therapy is an interesting modality for treating pathologies of the vitreomacular interface. The wise choice of laser settings (wavelength, exposure time, power) minimizes damage to the retina and ensures a good therapeutic effect. This could be a serious impetus to the development and refinement of laser technologies for treating ERM. This work investigates the biophysical response of structural retinal components, including the dynamics of temperatures and acoustic oscillations, protein denaturation, and stimulation of tissue regeneration, to a quasi-cw laser beam and a subsequent series of laser micropulses. The manuscript also analyzes the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of the proposed laser therapy in patients with ERM.

Received: 2019-03-01

Published online: 2019-04-29

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.032

Comments 0

VIEWS 5077

Egiazaryan KA, Gordienko DI, Starchik DA, Lysko AM

Unstable pelvic ring fractures are one of the common causes of death of patients with concomitant injuries. The existing methods applied to treat such conditions can cause a number of complications and have contraindications. We have described a successful clinical case of intrapelvic hemorrhage arrest in a patient with multiple injuries. in this case, we applied the new method combining minimally invasive angioembolization and easily applicable and effective balloon tamponade.

Received: 2019-03-03

Published online: 2019-04-29

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.031

Comments 0

VIEWS 5164