Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Eliseeva YuV, Voytovich AA, Milushkina OYu, Istomin AV, Eliseev YuYu

In a number of occupations, there is a shortage of labor force that can be filled with economically active part of the population, including people with disabilities (handicapped, HC). Unfortunately, observance of hygienic requirements in the context of HP adolescents vocational training has not been studied sufficiently: most scholars have researched only the conditions of teaching healthy adolescents. This study aimed to examine the HC adolescents vocational training conditions and develop measures to improve their working conditions with pathologies factored in. We examined adaptation potential, anxiety level, mental efficiency, sick rate and personal well-being assessment in HC adolescents (n = 120) aged 16–18, not impaired intellectually, studying sewing equipment operation, shoe repairs in the boarding scool. In the context of the study, we applied Smirnov hygiene criteria, Giessen Symptom Questionnaire, Spielberger's Test Anxiety Questionnaire, Sivkov scale, correction tables, Baevsky adaptation index. For the purposes of statistical analysis, we used parametric (Student t-test) and non- parametric (Mann–Whitney) criteria. The Spearman's correlation coefficient helped determine interrelationship of the studied parameters. We identified the following key adverse hygienic factors that have a significant impact on the students' health: intense character of labor performed, insufficient artificial lighting, noise level above the norm, high content of organic solvents and dust in the workshop's air. The timetable of the boarding school was also found to be inefficient. The results of this study allowed developing and introducing a software program to automatically compile the school's timetable with the aim to improve psychosomatic health of the students and halve the number of health-related complaints.

Received: 2018-06-17

Published online: 2018-11-23

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.060

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VIEWS 3922

Polunina NV, Soltamakova LS

In their daily life teachers go through a lot of stress ensuing from abrasive relationships with the administrative staff, colleagues or students, and family conflicts. Long-term exposure to stressors leads to the syndrome of emotional burnout, which can be avoided is preventive care is taken. The aim of this study was to identify burnout symptoms in the humanities teachers working for higher educational institutions and to propose adequate preventive measure. We recruited 1,489 teachers who were offered to anonymously fill out a questionnaire and also collected information about their health from sickness leaves. Statistical analysis included calculation of means, their errors, intensive and extensive variables, and confidence intervals. Two in three teachers reported fatigue, regular back/chest pain, and headache. The use of a scoring scale allowed us to conclude that a lot of respondents (43.2%) had severe burnout symptoms. Every second teacher demonstrated poor health awareness. To prevent staff burnout, measures should be taken aimed at stimulating a positive attitude to medical care, improving health literacy and motivating teachers to lead a healthy lifestyle.

Received: 2018-08-05

Published online: 2018-11-21

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.059

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VIEWS 4223

Polunina NV, Pivovarov YuP, Milushkina OYu

Preventive healthcare encompasses a broad range of medical and social interventions aimed at protecting and promoting public health, averting diseases or reducing the risk of their development. Preventive measures seek to create conducive working conditions and good resting environment, promote physical exercise, healthy nutrition, personal hygiene and sanitation, and eventually improve the well-being of the population. This article reviews a number of research works into the impact of various factors on the health of adults and children. Based on their findings, we propose measures for reducing the effects of harmful factors and incorporating positive factors in our daily life. The model of preventive healthcare adopted in Russia is aimed at preventing adult and child morbidity, increasing life expectancy, promoting positive attitude to health, and creating safe environment.

Received: 2018-09-04

Published online: 2018-11-14

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.058

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VIEWS 4201

Gorelik VV, Filippova SN, Knysheva TP

Present day education routines subject schoolchildren to considerable loads associated with studying. This research effort aimed to study the effect attention switching physical exercises (the type peculiar to the mental arithmetic curricula) have on heart rate, adaptation abilities, stress resistance, higher mental functions and conditioned reflex activity of children. Examining 124 schoolchildren aged 7–9 and 10–12 years, we applied the pedagogical experiment method that includes benchmarking, formation and control stages, as well as a number of psychological methods: short-term, associative and image memory diagnostics; Bourdon-Wiersma test; search for logical solutions; evaluation of motor skills. Varicard 2.51 was used to assess functions of the cardiovascular system and other physiological state indicators. At the benchmarking stage, we discovered the differences in higher mental functions conditioned by age and gender. Girls aged 7–9 had their memory, attention, ideation indicators 20–40% higher than boys of the same age. Boys aged 10–12 had their higher mental functions developed 10–30% better than girls of the same age. At the formation stage, we registered the optimizing effect attention switching physical exercises have on information processing speed and memorizing effectiveness: corresponding indicators increased 1.5–2 times (7–9 y.o., both genders) and 1.2–1.5 times (10–12 y.o., both genders), accordingly. It was concluded that adding the attention switching physical exercises to mental arithmetic curricula makes training sessions more effective.

Received: 2018-05-18

Published online: 2018-11-10

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.057

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VIEWS 4164

Samodurova NYu, Mamchik NP, Istomin AV, Klepikov OV, Sokolenko GG

The growing incidence of nutrient-related diseases is a global challenge. The aim of this work was to study consumption of staple food products and to estimate the incidence of nutrient-related diseases in Voronezh region. Food consumption was analyzed from the reports of the local branch of the Federal State Statistics collected over two 5-year periods (1995–1999 and 2012–2016). The incidence of nutrient-related diseases was estimated based on the reports providing information about patients’ visits to healthcare facilities. The districts of Voronezh region were assigned to 5 ranks. Over the studied periods, the population of Voronezh region considerably changed its diet: consumption of fish and seafood, fresh fruits, meat, vegetables, gourds and melons, eggs, vegetable oil, milk and dairy products per person increased significantly. At the same time, consumption of sugar, breads and potatoes still exceeds the recommended intake 1.42-2.04-fold, which means that the main component of the diet is carbohydrates. We observed a significant 4.5-fold increase in obesity incidence, a 1.8-2.0-fold increase in the incidence of anemia and endocrine disorders and a 1.2 increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases. In terms of prevention measures, the priority should be given to areas at a high risk of nutrient-related diseases.

Received: 2018-06-25

Published online: 2018-11-08

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.056

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VIEWS 4055

Solovyev DA, Dementiev AA, Kluchnikova NM, Prokhorov NI

Among the factors that have a strong impact on public health the environment, living conditions, food and water quality are just as important as socio-economic forces. Providing the population with access to safe potable water has become a socio-economic priority in Russia. The aim of this work was to characterize the aquifers supplying the population of Ryazan region with water for personal and domestic needs and to compare their chemical composition. Sample collection was performed in cooperation with the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology (Ryazan region). The obtained data were processed using ANOVA. The Kashirsky and Ozersko-Khovansky aquifers turn to be the most commonly used ones supplying water to 30.7% and 27.3% of the total artesian wells. The Oksko-Tarussky and Podolsko-Myachkovsky aquifers rank second, feeding 21% and 18.9% of the wells, respectively. The share of the Kasimovsky aquifer in the total water supply is only 2.1%. Although the recommended lifespan of an artesian well is 25 years, two-thirds of the wells in Ryazan region have been in service for 26 to 50 years, and one in every 4 wells is over 50 years old. The chemical composition of the groundwater drawn from different aquifers is different. High concentrations (0.7 mg/l) of iron (Fe2+) are present in the water from the Ozersko-Khovansky aquifer (р ≥ 0.05). Sulfates are found in abundance in the Podolsko-Myachkovsky and Ozersko-Khovansky aquifer. The water from the Oksko-Tarussky aquifer contains high concentrations of ionized ammonia.

Received: 2018-06-19

Published online: 2018-11-04

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.055

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VIEWS 4090

Gushchin VA, Manuilov VA, Makarov VV, Tkachuk AP

To understand how vulnerable are a society, an economy and a state in the face of a biohazard, one should attempt to identify any potential holes in the national biosafety system, such as the lack of important components or technologies for biological monitoring and the inadequacy of existing analytical methods used to prevent or counteract biogenic threats. In Russia, biological monitoring is quite advanced. However, the agencies that ensure proper functioning of its components lack collaboration and do not form a well-coordinated network. Each of such agencies alone cannot provide comprehensive information on the subject. In the Russian Federation, there are at least 4 state-funded programs that collect epidemiological data and are quite efficient in performing the narrow task of monitoring infections. But because there is no central database where epidemiological data can be channeled and subsequently shared, these agencies do not complete each other. This leaves the Russian society, economy and state vulnerable to biogenic threats. We need an adequately organized, modern, fully functional and effective system for monitoring biohazards that will serve as a basis for the national biosafety system and also a tool for the identification and elimination of its weaknesses.

Received: 2018-09-30

Published online: 2018-10-20

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.054

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VIEWS 5060

Kleymenov DA, Verdiev BI, Enenko AA, Gushchin VA, Tkachuk AP

Air quality monitoring is essential when it comes to protecting the urban population, especially that of big metropolises, from biohazards including biopathogens (BPs). This process is aided by different samplers and analyzers of aerosol pollutants, filters and disinfection systems. Their performance is tested using experimental aerosol formulations with a predetermined composition. Unfortunately, the majority of such systems available in Russia are only able to process a few hundred liters of air per time unit, which is too little. Big aerosol chambers (10 to 20 m3) are very expensive and may not fit into a lab, necessitating an extensive overhaul. In this work we present a workstation for the detection of BP markers under controlled conditions based on the microbiological safety box MSB-III-Laminar-C-1.5 (380.150.01) that was originally designed to test the performance of samplers and analyzers of experimental aerosol formulations. Our workstation can handle the majority of BSL-1-2 BPs and, given the chamber volume that satisfies the requirements of aerosol experiments (> 4 m3), can be installed in a lab with an area of >10 m2.

Received: 2018-08-06

Published online: 2018-10-17

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.053

Comments 0

VIEWS 4542