Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Morozova TE, Lukina MV, Andrushishina TB, Chukina MA

Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) involves administration of antimicrobial agents (AMA) to patients undergoing a surgical intervention and aims to reduce the risk of postoperative infectious complications, especially at surgical sites. In the present work we assess efficiency and safety of AMA used for prevention of postoperative infectious complications. In the course of our study we pre-analyzed 576 medical histories of post-op patients aged 18 to 87 years (mean age М ± SD was 57.4 ± 14.5 years), of which 347 (60.2%) were male and 229 (39.8%) female. Only 481 histories were selected for final analysis. We assessed the choice of antibacterial therapy, the frequency of adverse reactions (AR) and infectious complications and the type of the latter. PAP regimens were consistent with the official guidelines in 207 (43.04%) cases. PAP recommendations were ignored in 274 cases (56.96%), and the timing was wrong in 364 cases (75.7%). Incorrect dosages were administered in 225 cases (46.8%). We also discovered an association between irrational PAP regimens and 1) the length of patient’s stay in the intensive care unit (р = 0.003 and р < 0.005), 2) the frequency of reoperations associated with infection (р = 0.001), 3) mortality rates (р = 0.002), and 4) isolation of strains with multidrug resistance (р = 0.016). We conclude that PAP regimens for the inpatients of surgical wards are often compromised by failure to comply with the official guidelines, wrong timing and incorrect dosage, which negatively affects hospital statistics.

Received: 2017-12-29

Published online: 2018-04-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.012

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VIEWS 4442

Shmigol TA, Sobianin KA, Prusak-Glotov MV, Shchelykalina SP, Nevezhin EV, Yermolaeva SA, Negrebetsky VV

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative to conventional therapies of infections. It can kill drug-resistant bacteria without damaging host tissues. In the present work we use the multiresistant strain PA21 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to model a wound infection in mice and study the effect of PTD mediated by aqueous solutions of the anionic photosensitizer merocyanine 540 (solubilized in water and in 0.25 M sodium chloride) on bacterial decontamination and wound healing. To assess a therapeutic effect of PDT, we monitored bacterial contamination of the wound, measured the wound size in two planes using a caliper and carried out a histopathological examination of infected tissue sections. Our study reveals that PDT mediated by MC540 in the sodium chloride solution can induce bacterial death, inhibit bacterial re-growth and accelerate wound healing.

Received: 2018-01-20

Published online: 2018-04-28

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.011

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VIEWS 4257

Antonova NP, Balabanyan VYu, Tkachuk AP, Makarov VV, Gushchin VA

One of the most promising approaches to combatting multiple drug resistance is based on the use of recombinant endolysins. In this work we study physical, chemical and lytic properties of phage KPP10, a recombinant endolysin effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations of 3 μg/ml. Fused with a fragment of positively charged SMAP-29 peptide into one reading frame, artilysin KPP10 is effective against laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the absence of permeabilizers. Our findings encourage preclinical trials of this artilysin in infectious models

Received: 2018-02-02

Published online: 2018-04-27

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.010

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VIEWS 4903

Amelina SS, Degtereva EV, Petrova NV, Marakhonov AV, Temnikov VE, Petrina NE, Amelina MA, Vetrova NV, Ponomareva TI, Zinchenko RA

Ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), a serious skin condition that runs in families, is actively studied worldwide. In this work we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of IV and frequency of two FLG mutations R501X and 2282del4 in the population of the Rostov region. Our genetic epidemiology study of hereditary monogenic disorders covered a total of 497,460 residents of 12 districts to identify 230 separate nosological entities. In the course of the analysis, we calculated the prevalence of IV per district and in the entire region and compared our findings with the results of earlier studies. The average prevalence of IV in the Rostov region was 1:5,025, which is consistent with the average prevalence of the disease across Russia (1:5,151). Tselinsky and Millerovsky districts demonstrated the highest prevalence rates (1:1,942 and 1:2,032, respectively). To evaluate the frequency of two FLG mutations R501X and 2282del4, we assayed the samples of 58 patients with IV and 127 healthy unelated controls by PCR followed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In patients with IV, the frequency of the 2282del4 mutation was 48.28%, which is in line with European figures and also 30 times higher than in the controls (1.58%), suggesting the pathogenicity of the mutation. The R501X mutation was not identified both in patients with IV and healthy controls.

Received: 2017-11-17

Published online: 2018-04-16

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.009

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VIEWS 4166

Topchieva LV, Kurbatova IV, Dudaniva OP, Shipovskaya AA

Poor diet, sedentary behavior and genetic background are major factors contributing to the etiology and pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is hypothesized that polymorphisms of the TNFRI and TNFRII genes coding for the receptors that bind the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) can be implicated in the susceptibility to NAFLD, but not much data is available in the literature. In the present work we aimed to investigate a possible association between the rs767455 T>C TNFRSF1A and rs1061622 T>G TNFRSF1B polymorphisms and one of NAFLD forms, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and to assess their effect on blood biochemistry. Samples of DNA isolated from the venous blood of 151 healthy donors and 242 patients with NASH were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. TNFα concentrations were measured by ELISA. We have not found any association between the rs767455 T>C TNFRSF1A polymorphism and the development of NASH in the residents of Karelia. However, we have discovered an association between NASH and the T>G TNFRSF1B rs1061622 polymorphism. Carriers of the G allele have a higher risk of developing NASH (OR = 4.83; 95% CI: 2.72–8.57). The rs1061622 T>G genotype of the TNFRSF1B gene appears to have no effect on TNFα concentrations and the activity of alanineaminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Our findings suggest a possible association between the rs1061622 T>G TNFRSF1B polymorphism and a risk of developing NASH in the residents of Karelia.

Received: 2017-10-31

Published online: 2018-04-15

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.008

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VIEWS 4514

Kopetskiy IS, Eremin DA, Polunina NV, Polunin VS, Buslaeva GN, Khetagurova AK

Mandibular fractures are a common type of injuries of the facial bones. Most of them affect the angle and body of the mandible in the areas innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Inpatients of maxillofacial units often lack health literacy; therefore, the aim of our study was to improve the effect of treatment in patients with mandibular fractures and IAN injuries by motivating patients toward a healthy lifestyle and by pioneering the use of therapeutic agents Mexicor and Combilipen in the standard regimen.

Received: 2017-11-17

Published online: 2018-04-14

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.007

Comments 0

VIEWS 4074

Udzhukhu VYu, Sharova NM, Korotkiy NG, Davtyan EV, Kukalo SV

Being a relatively common chronic skin condition with understudied pathogenesis, nummular eczema captures attention of medical researchers. The aim of this wok was to describe clinical manifestations of the disease, revise criteria for its accurate diagnosis and understand the role of malfunctioning components of the adaptive and innate immunities in triggering the inflammatory response. Using high-sensitivity ELISA assays, we assessed the cytokine profiles, determined the levels of adhesion molecules and the affinity of serum antibodies in 51 patients with nummular eczema. The immune profiles of the patients were dominated by proinflammatory interleukins, being deficient in regulatory cytokines. The relative abundance of mononuclear CD50+ and CD54+ cells was increased. Natural antibacterial immunity was weakened by the production of lowaffinity serum antibodies. Based on our findings, we have established criteria for the differential diagnosis of nummular eczema and described a contribution of both regulatory and effector immunity components to the abnormal immune homeostasis. We conclude that the discovered defects of the humoral regulation and non-specific resistance in patients with nummular eczema are pathogenic and determine the course of the disease.

Received: 2018-02-05

Published online: 2018-04-12

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.006

Comments 0

VIEWS 3933

Bilan DS, Shokhina AG, Panova AS, Belousov VV

The zebrafish Danio rerio is a popular model species for biomedical research focusing on modeling human diseases and screening of therapeutic drugs. Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescent proteins are widely used in many laboratories worldwide to study the biology of living systems of various complexity in vivo. The main advantage of these molecular tools is that they allow observing biological processes in intact systems in real time. In the present work we study the dynamics of the intracellular ratio of NAD+ to NADP in the yolk sac and tissues of D. rerio larvae using the SoNar biosensor following the injection of glycolisis end products, lactate and pyruvate.

Received: 2017-12-05

Published online: 2018-03-14

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.005

Comments 0

VIEWS 4981