Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Solodova RF, Tolstykh MP, Isaev TK, Trushkin RN, Vtorenko VI, Staroverov VM, Sokolov ME

Palpation is one of the classic examination methods in open surgeries. In minimally invasive surgery, intra-operational manual palpation is impossible to use for assessing tactile characteristics of tissues. In Russia, the only available instrument for intra-operational assessment and objective registration of tissue visco-elastic properties is the Medical Tactile Endosurgical Complex (MTEC). The aim of this work was to study the performance of MTEC in renal surgery. The study was performed during nine elective laparoscopic surgeries for clear cell renal carcinoma and simple renal cysts. We have found several differences in the use of MTEC in renal surgery, as compared to its use in gastrointestinal or lung surgeries. The key factor determining these differences was the inverse relations between tissue visco-elastic properties: the studied tumors were softer than the surrounding tissue. Detection of intraparenchymal tumors by tactile methods was impossible. For surface tumors, in one case out of nine it was possible to strictly locate the border of the tumor by tactile examination. We were able to quantitatively assess and determine the difference in hardness of tumors and intact tissue using MTEC. This allows studying the prognostic value of objectively registered tactile characteristics of renal tumors.

Received: 2018-07-26

Published online: 2018-12-16

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.069

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VIEWS 4848

Sychev DA, Minnigulov RM, Ryzhikova KA, Yudina IYu, Lychagin AV, Morozova TE

Rivaroxaban is a safer and more effective alternative to warfarin. However, there are reports of some cases of major hemorrhagic complications associated with rivaroxaban that significantly impair the patients' quality of life and can lead to a fatality. Personalized therapy, including pharmacogenetic testing, may help prevent such adverse events. This study aimed to investigate how ABCB1 3435C>T (rs1045642) and CYP3A5 6986A>G (rs776746) gene polymorphisms, when carried by a patient taking rivaroxaban to prevent thrombosis after total hip or knee replacement surgery, affect prothrombin time (PT). Sixty-five patients participated in the study. Their genotypes were identified by PCR in real time. To learn PT peculiar to each patient, we collected venous blood on the 5th day of their anticoagulation therapy, 1 hour before they took rivaroxaban and 3 hours after. Having calculated %ΔPT, we divided the patients into 2 groups: 1) %ΔPT ≤ 0 (n = 7; 10.8%); 2) %ΔPT > 0 (n = 58; 89.2%). Regarding the distribution of rs1045642 polymorphism, we determined the difference between the groups to be statistically significant (χ2 = 6.64; p = 0.027). As for rs776746 polymorphism, the difference was insignificant (χ2 = 0.101; p = 1.0). We discovered that rs1045642 polymorphism has a significant effect on PT variance in patients taking rivaroxaban to prevent thrombosis after total hip or knee replacement surgery.

Received: 2018-10-08

Published online: 2018-12-15

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.068

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VIEWS 5205

Moiseev AB, Mironov AA, Kolbe OB, Vartapetova EE, Polunina VV, Al Sabunchi AA, Polunin VS, Buslaeva GN

Pediatric urinary disorders manifested as urinary incontinence, compelling urges to urinate, etc. remain an important problem of contemporary healthcare. In spite of being extensively covered in the literature, urinary disorders, including enuresis, still present a diagnostic challenge to the physicians of primary healthcare facilities. Based on the findings of our retrospective study that revealed discrepancies between referral and final diagnoses of pediatric urinary disorders, we give recommendations to both physicians of primary healthcare facilities and their inpatient care colleagues that will help them to arrive at the correct diagnosis of a urinary disorder or concomitant bladder-bowel dysfunction using the proposed diagnostic algorithm.

Received: 2018-06-19

Published online: 2018-12-11

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.067

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VIEWS 5220

Kulinich TM, Krastelev EG, Bykov YuA, Smirnov VP, Shishkin AM, Ivanov AV, Bozhenko VK

Research into the effects of radiation delivered at ultrahigh dose rates > 1 × 107 Gy/min to biological objects is a new promising area of radiobiology. The unique characteristics of the high-current nanosecond electron accelerator Mir-M enable its use in medical and biological research, specifically in the experiments aimed at investigating the effect of therapeutic doses at a dose rate up to 100 MGy/s. In this work we study the effects of ultrahigh dose rate photon radiation on human lung carcinoma (A549) and melanoma (MelMtp-x) cells lines and compare them with those of the therapeutic gamma unit Rokus-AM. We show that ultrahigh dose rates induce more significant damage in the studied cell lines at doses between 2 and 7 Gy, radioresistant melanoma being more sensitive to photon radiation delivered at ultrahigh dose rates.

Received: 2018-08-15

Published online: 2018-12-08

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.066

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VIEWS 4941

Denisov IN, Zaugolnikova TV, Popova TS, Morozova TE

Early detection of dorsopathies is an urgent task for primary care physicians, since such conditions can combine with other chronic noncommunicable diseases (NСD) and adversely affect the course all comorbidities, consequently disimproving the quality of life of patients and increasing the frequency of their requests for medical assistance. This study aimed to determine the value of routine checkups in the context of detection of dorsopathies, NCD, and identification of risk factors (RF). We have retrospectively analyzed the patient records database of a rural outpatient clinic in the Tver region (years 2015 to 2017). The prevalence of dorsopathies and NCD RF were the subjects investigated. Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (SRCC) were applied for the purposes of statistical processing of the results. We discovered that dorsopathy most often was a comorbidity to arterial hypertension and gastrointestinal tract diseases; it was strongly related to the NCD (SRCC = 0.506), age (SRCC = 0.383), slightly less so — to hypodynamia (SRCC = 0.146), type of the patient's occupation (intellectual or physical labor) (SRCC = 0.07). Routine checkups improve the rate of detection of dorsopathy: the more patients undergo such examinations, the more cases of dorsopathy are diagnosed. Thus, it is necessary to increase the number of working people attending the checkups in order to detect dorsopathies early and prevent them effectively.

Received: 2018-09-06

Published online: 2018-12-06

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.065

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VIEWS 5323

Israelson MA, Stepanov AV, Staroverov DB, Shagina IA, Misorin AK, Evstratieva AV, Merzlyak EM, Bogdanova EA, Britanova OV, Lukyanov SA

In the last decade there has been a tendency to move away from the symptomatic treatment and embrace targeted therapies. This process is underpinned by the accumulated knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diseases and driven by the advances in biotechnologies. T-cell receptors with variable TRBV9 β-chain regions have been recently associated with spondyloarthritis including its subtype, ankylosing spondylitis. The aim of this work was to engineer a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting the variable region of the T-cell receptor β-chain encoded by the TRBV9 gene segment and assess its specificity and cytotoxicity. Using flow cytometry and next generation sequencing, we demonstrate that the engineered chimeric antibody is highly specific and exhibits cytotoxic activity against its target. Approaches based on the use of therapeutic chimeric antibodies against pathogenic T-clones may hold great promise for the therapy of autoimmune disorders in general and AS in particular.

Received: 2018-09-13

Published online: 2018-12-04

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.064

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VIEWS 7505

Osipova ZM, Shcheglov AS, Yampolsky IV

Modern biomedical research technologies actively use bioimaging for studying cells, tissues and whole organisms. Multicolor bioimaging is applied when simultaneous observation of different events at the molecular and cellular level is needed. Bioluminescent imaging methods are the most sensitive, however, their use for multicolor labeling is complicated due to the insufficient number of available uciferin-luciferase pairs. Having a number of advantages compared to previously studied bioluminescent systems, the new bioluminescence systems of higher fungi and marine polychaete Odontosyllis could become a useful expansion of the bioimaging toolbox.

Received: 2018-11-02

Published online: 2018-12-03

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.063

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VIEWS 5117

Lipengolts AA, Vorobyeva ES, Cherepanov AA, Abakumov MA, Abakumova TO, Smirnova AV, Finogenova YuA, Grigorieva EYu, Sheino IN, Kulakov VN

Contrast-enhanced radiotherapy (CERT) is a binary treatment modality in which the absorbed radiation dose is not only determined by the parameters of the external radiation source but also affected by the concentration of a dose-enhancing agent (DEA) in the studied object. In this work we assessed the distribution of the absorbed dose in a murine B16F10 melanoma injected with a single dose of an aqueous Bi-DTPA solution. The mice were exposed to a single fraction of X-ray irradiation for 28.5 min. In vivo measurements of DEA concentrations were done on a micro-CT scanner using the radiopacity values of malignant tissues from the obtained CT images. We found that the presence of DEA enhanced the absorbed dose more than twofold in 6% of the tumor volume; in 29% of the tumor volume the absorbed dose increased more than onefold. The tumor growth delay time calculated for our model was 0.76 days (we only accounted for the damage caused directly by radiation), whereas in our previous research study tumor growth delay was 10 days. This discrepancy may indicate that in the tumors exposed to contrast-enhanced radiotherapy growth delay results from both the damage directly caused by radiation and other antitumor mechanisms.

Received: 2018-09-28

Published online: 2018-11-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.062

Comments 0

VIEWS 5597