In chronic inflammation in the lungs (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis) there were revealed by the method of electron microscopy structural and functional features in granuloma cells (leukocytes, macrophages, plasmatic and corpulent cells) performing the protective function, as well as in stationary, long-lived smooth myocytes, in endothelial membranes of the bronchial tubes, blood vessels and nerve endings. The inflammatory process covers all the departments of respiratory portions.