The objective of this study is to analyze the associations of rs1554286 (+1547 C/T) polymorphism in IL10 gene and the risk of psoriasis development. DNA samples were collected from 273 patients with psoriasis and 298 healthy controls. Genotyping of rs1554286 polymorphic locus in IL10 gene was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using the CFX 96™ Real-Time Cycler (BioRad, USA). In the total sample of patients with psoriasis the association of rs1554286 T allele (OR = 0.72; 95 % CI 0.54–0.96) of IL10 gene and a lower risk of disease development was found. It was established that rs1554286 Т allele of IL10 gene (OR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.30–0.97) marks the lower risk of the disease development in patients with severe psoriasis. Besides the carriage of T allele and the heterozygous C/T rs1554286 genotype of IL10 gene reduces the risk of disease development in patients with type I psoriasis (OR = 0.69; 95 % CI 0.51–0.95; OR = 0.63; 95 % CI 0.43–0.93 respectively). The study identified the rs1554286 polymorphic locus in IL10 gene as a marker of a lower risk of psoriasis development in the Russian population of Volgo-Ural region.