Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee: Pirogov University.
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Determination of the rate of autoantibody carrier state in patients with celiac disease by mono- and multiplex immunoassay

Nuralieva NF1, Yukina MYu1, Bykova SV2, Savvateeva EN3, Nikankina LV1, Kulagina EV3, Shaskolskiy BL3, Gryadunov DA3, Troshina EA1
About authors

1 Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia

2 Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Centre, Moscow, Russia

3 Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Correspondence should be addressed: Nurana F. Nuralieva
Dmitriya Ulyanova, 11, Moscow, 117292, Russia; ur.xednay@anarunn

About paper

Funding: the study was supported by the Foundation for Scientific and Technological Development of Yugra (No. 2023-571-05/2023).

Author contribution: Nuralieva NF — literature review, study concept and design, patient assessment, material collection, laboratory testing, analysis and interpretation of the results, manuscript writing; Yukina MYu — literature review, study concept and design, patient assessment, material collection, laboratory testing, analysis and interpretation of the results, manuscript writing and editing; Bykova SV — patient assessment, material collection, manuscript editing; Savvateeva EN — literature review, study concept and design; laboratory microarray testing; analysis and interpretation of the results; Kulagina EV, Nikankina LV — laboratory testing (ELISA); Shaskolskiy BL — analysis of the autoantibody multiplex testing results; Gryadunov DA — study concept and design; manuscript editing; Troshina EA — manuscript editing.

Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Endocrinology Research Centre (protocol No. 14 dated 29 July 2022). All the patients and conditionally healthy individuals submitted the informed consent to participation in the study.

Received: 2025-04-02 Accepted: 2025-04-16 Published online: 2025-04-23
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The search for concomitant autoimmune disorders (ADs) in patients with celiac disease is a pressing issue. The study aimed to determine the rate of the carrier state for antibodies (Abs) being the markers of AD development in patients with celiac disease using various immunological approaches. Enzyme-linked immunoassay and hydrogel microarray-based multiplex immunoassay (MI) were used to determine Abs against thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (TG), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), pancreatic islet cells (ICA), tyrosine phosphatase (IA2), 21-hydroxylase (P450c21), Castle's intrinsic factor, tissue transglutaminase (TGM2) in blood serum of patients with celiac disease (group 1, n = 27) and healthy individuals (group 2, n = 16). The microarray also enables testing of Abs against interferons (IFN) alpha and omega, interleukin 22. In group 1, Abs against IA2 (30%), TPO (22%), TG (19%), GAD (19%) were detected by the enzyme-linked immunoassay, and in group 2 Abs against IA2 (38%), TPO (19%), GAD (19%) were detected. In group 1, Abs against TPO (11%), TG (11%), P450c21 (4%), IFN-alpha (4%), ICA (4%) were detected using the microarray, and in group 2 Abs against TPO (13%), ICA (13%), TG (6%), IFN-alpha (6%) were identified. No significant differences in the rate of elevated Abs in the groups were revealed (p > 0.05). Patients, in whom the Ab carrier state was established using microarrays, with negative results enzyme-linked immunoassay can develop the delayed ADs, which suggests prognostic value of MI. The lack of significant differences in the rate of elevated Abs in patients with celiac disease and healthy individuals can result from small size of the studied groups and can suggest high prevalence of potential AD forms in these cohorts.

Keywords: screening, multiplex immunoassay, autoimmune diseases, celiac disease, hydrogel microarray

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