Acknowledgments: The authors express their gratitude to the staff of the Laboratory of Enteral Viral Infections, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections ‘Virome’” of Rospotrebnadzor, for their assistance in organizing the work.

Author contribution: Kornilov DO — conceptualization, methodology, writing — original draft; Simarzina VM — investigation, methodology, visualization; Bekhter AA — investigation, visualization; Maslakov GP — investigation, software, validation; Nechaeva DM — methodology, writing — review and editing; Kariakina AE — methodology, writing — review and editing; Fadeev FA — resources, writing — review and editing; Voroshilina ES — supervision, project administration; Zornikov DL — supervision, visualization, formal analysis, writing — review and editing.

Compliance with ethical standards: The study was approved by the Local Ethical Committee of the Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia (Protocol No. 6 dated October 18, 2024). Informed consent was not applicable, as commercial cell lines were used.