Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Parastaev SA, Miroshnikova YuV, Pushkina TA, Kurashvili VA, Yashin TA, Vykhodets IT, Kupeev MV, Didur MD

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances can compromise physical performance of professional athletes. We have conducted a study to understand how aware athletes are of their hydration status and how they deal with dehydration. First, we surveyed 51 athletes (mean age of 20.4 years) specializing in different sports, including ice hockey, water polo, tennis and figure skating, using a questionnaire. Next, we analyzed the anonymized results of the laboratory tests run on the samples of 30 athletes specializing in futsal. We focused on hemotocrit and sodium levels and urine specific gravity as indirect indicators of hydration status. Survey results demonstrated that 86 % of the participants lacked knowledge of wise approaches to replenishing fluid or electrolytes after physical exercise, did not adequately control fluid intake and developed various degrees of dehydration. We noticed that awareness of hydration status negatively correlated with professional qualifications of the participants. Retrospective analysis of laboratory tests showed that hypohydration prevailed among high-class athletes: at least 73 % of them showed signs of dehydration. We emphasize the need for elaborating unified clinical recommendations on rehydration for Russian athletes that should be further approved by doctors and coaches.

Received: 2017-11-02

Published online: 2018-01-17

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2017-06-02

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VIEWS 6382

Andreev DA, Karmazin VV, Parastaev SA

This literature-based review focuses on the basic physiological aspects of proprioception. Below, we describe and compare a number of biomechanical platforms used to measure postural control in high-class athletes. We define the primary goals of biomechanical assessment of postural problems, paying special attention to the functional performance of proprioceptors and proprioceptive control. We also provide a list of clinical and biomechanical indicators of proprioceptive damage and propose a diagnostic algorithm for assessing static and dynamic impairments in high-class athletes.

Received: 2017-11-16

Published online: 2018-01-17

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2017-06-01

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VIEWS 6324

Takhchidi KhP, Kachalina GF, Kasmynina TA, Tebina EP

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) profoundly affects a woman’s quality of life, causing physical and emotional distress. This study aimed to describe premenstrual pains in reproductive-age women (18–45 years). The main group included 136 women with moderate and severe PMS; the control group consisted of 136 healthy females with only sporadic premenstrual symptoms. We encouraged the participants to rate their symptoms using the menstrual distress questionnaire by Rudolf H. Moos and to keep a symptom diary over the course of 3 menstrual cycles. We also used the visual analogue scale, which allows estimating pain intensity. In the main groups the participants scored an average of 47.14 ± 3.67 total points on the distress questionnaire (moderate PMS), whereas the controls scored 10.28 ± 1.94 points (mild PMS) (p < 0.05). Among the most typical premenstrual symptoms observed in the main group and the controls were: headaches (66.17 % vs. 22.79 %, respectively; p < 0.001); breast tenderness/pain (83.08 % vs. 49.26 %, respectively; p < 0.001); pelvic pain (70.58 % vs. 35.29 %, respectively; p < 0.001); bloatedness/stomach ache (64.7 % vs. 25.73 %, respectively; p < 0.001), and muscle/joint pain (51.47 % vs. 21.32 %, respectively; p < 0.001). The average number of premenstrual symptoms observed in the main group was 5.62 ± 0.92, of which 2.47 ± 0.68 represented intense pains determining PMS severity. The results of our study suggest that premenstrual symptoms should be monitored prospectively over at least 2 consecutive menstrual cycles using a diary, because retrospective data are unreliable.

Received: 2017-10-23

Published online: 2018-01-14

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2017-05-10

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VIEWS 6316

Dobrokhotova YuE, Friptu VG, Grishin II, Saprykina LV, Mazur IA

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) profoundly affects a woman’s quality of life, causing physical and emotional distress. This study aimed to describe premenstrual pains in reproductive-age women (18–45 years). The main group included 136 women with moderate and severe PMS; the control group consisted of 136 healthy females with only sporadic premenstrual symptoms. We encouraged the participants to rate their symptoms using the menstrual distress questionnaire by Rudolf H. Moos and to keep a symptom diary over the course of 3 menstrual cycles. We also used the visual analogue scale, which allows estimating pain intensity. In the main groups the participants scored an average of 47.14 ± 3.67 total points on the distress questionnaire (moderate PMS), whereas the controls scored 10.28 ± 1.94 points (mild PMS) (p < 0.05). Among the most typical premenstrual symptoms observed in the main group and the controls were: headaches (66.17 % vs. 22.79 %, respectively; p < 0.001); breast tenderness/pain (83.08 % vs. 49.26 %, respectively; p < 0.001); pelvic pain (70.58 % vs. 35.29 %, respectively; p < 0.001); bloatedness/stomach ache (64.7 % vs. 25.73 %, respectively; p < 0.001), and muscle/joint pain (51.47 % vs. 21.32 %, respectively; p < 0.001). The average number of premenstrual symptoms observed in the main group was 5.62 ± 0.92, of which 2.47 ± 0.68 represented intense pains determining PMS severity. The results of our study suggest that premenstrual symptoms should be monitored prospectively over at least 2 consecutive menstrual cycles using a diary, because retrospective data are unreliable.

Received: 2017-09-22

Published online: 2018-01-14

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2017-05-09

Comments 0

VIEWS 6015

Eliseev AV, Fedorova AD, Lebedin MY, Chudakov DM, Shugay M

In-depth study of mechanisms of immune response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is critical for better understanding of how immunodeficiency develops in patients with HIV, as well as for designing effective immunotherapy strategies and vaccines against the virus. In this work we analyze sequencing profiles of T-cell receptor repertoires previously obtained from healthy donors (601 Americans and 65 Russians) to estimate the population frequency of HIV-specific naive T-cells. We demonstrate that frequencies of T-cells recognizing different HIV epitopes vary considerably across the population (F-statistic = 2007, p < 10<sup>–100</sup>, ANOVA). Although the frequency of T-lymphocytes recognizing a particular epitope does not change significantly between the individuals, it still largely depends on the presence of certain HLA alleles (p < 0.01, post-hoc Tukey’s test), cytomegalovirus infection (F = 61, p = 7 × 10–15, ANOVA), and age (Pearson correlation coefficient ranging from –0.53 to –0.14 in different groups).

Received: 2017-10-23

Published online: 2018-01-14

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2017-05-08

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VIEWS 5893

Merzlyak EM, Kasatskaya SA, Sosnovskaya AV, Israelson MA, Staroverov DB, Nakonechnaya TO, Novikov PI, Chudakov DM, Britanova OV

Although mechanisms underlying development of autoimmune vasculitis and polyangiitis remain understudied, these pathologies are already known to be largely mediated by T-lymphocytes. Cyclophosphamide (CF) is widely used to treat autoimmune diseases. Lymphoid cells in general (T, B, and NK cells) and naive T-lymphocytes in particular are highly sensitive to CF. In this work we analyzed the repertoires of T-cell receptors (TCRs) in the peripheral blood of young (aged 24 to 35 years, n = 4) and elderly (aged 52 to 68 years, n = 5) patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (Wegener granulomatosis and Churg–Strauss syndrome) treated with high doses of CF > 3 years before the study. The control group included 7 young and 14 elderly healthy individuals. We revealed no TCR variants previously reported as typically found in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Relative frequency of “public" (often found in a population, largely formed during an embryonic period) TCR variants in the repertories of young patients was significantly lower than in the repertories of healthy donors of the same age, and was similar to the elderly healthy donors. We hypothesize that CF-treatment eliminates substantial proportion of naïve T-cells in the young donors, that contains "public" TCR variants of fetal origin. Long-term consequences of such changes in the structure of T-cell immunity require further investigations.

Received: 2017-10-04

Published online: 2018-01-14

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2017-05-07

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VIEWS 6201

Zlatnik EYu, Nerodo GA, Ardzha AYu, Seliutina ON, Bondarenko ES

Understanding the role of immunological memory mediated by T-lymphocytes in patients with malignant tumors is a pressing issue. This study aimed to assess the contribution of memory T-cells to antitumor immunity in patients with ovarian cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFNγ). Quantification of central (Tсm) and effector (Tеm) memory T-cells (Тm), as well as naive T-lymphocytes (Th0), was done using flow cytometry. Compared to healthy females, untreated cancer patients were found to have more Tm and less Th0 cells in their blood CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell subpopulations. In cancer patients, Tm cells accumulated in the ascitic fluid, exceeding 7.7 times the number of CD4<sup>+</sup> Th0 cells and 6.5 times the number of CD8<sup>+</sup> Th0 cells, with Tem prevailing over Tcm. After chemotherapy with rIFNγ, blood Th0 decreased in cancer patients, while Tcm dominated the CD8+ Tm subpopulation both in the blood and ascitic fluid. Tem cells were a prevalent cell type in patients who received chemotherapy without interferon-gamma. Decreased Th0 and Tcm prevalence were a positive sign accompanied by a good response to treatment, including lower relapse rates (46.7 % vs. 80 % in controls) and a longer relapse-free period (17.5 ± 1.6 vs. 11.3 ± 1.5 months in controls). Therefore, we conclude that chemoimmunotherapy alters proportions of T-cell subpopulations in the blood and ascitic fluid of patients with ovarian cancer, with Tcm cells prevailing over Tem, which may be one of the mechanisms of rIFNγ (Ingaron) action.

Received: 2017-09-22

Published online: 2018-01-13

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2017-05-06

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VIEWS 6229

Nozdracheva AV, Gritsik AA, Kuzin SN, Semenenko TA

As the modern society becomes more vaccine-dependent, the need arises for population immunity studies aimed to estimate the prevalence of antibodies against a particular infection in the donors from different populations, including sentinel groups. This work reveals the actual susceptibility of the Russian population to a number of vaccine preventable infections, including measles, rubella, and mumps. The study was conducted using blood serum samples provided by the Blood serum bank of Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology (Moscow). Of 866 samples used in the study, 293 and 117 samples had been collected from healthcare workers in 2011 and 2017, respectively; 220 samples had been obtained from military servants in 2016–2017, and 236 samples had been collected from healthy donors in 2016. All samples were studied by solid phase enzyme immunoassay using diagnostic kits by Vector-Best (Russia). We discovered that 19.4 % and 28.8 % of individuals were susceptible to measles and mumps, respectively, which is insufficient for ensuring epidemiological safety (the herd immunity thresholds for these diseases are 7 % and 15 %, respectively) and puts the population at risk of infection spread, should the pathogens enter the country. The proportion of individuals susceptible to rubella was 6.5 %, which is below the herd immunity threshold (7 %).

Received: 2017-09-22

Published online: 2018-01-13

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2017-05-05

Comments 0

VIEWS 6170