ISSN Print 2500–1094    ISSN Online 2542–1204
Bulletin of RSMU
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)
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Original research Early administration of xenon-oxygen mixture in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Dementev IM, Gabitov MV, Timoshin SS, Kuzovlev AN, Grebenchikov OA
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy remains a leading cause of neonatal mortality and disability. Experimental data suggest potential neuroprotective properties of xenon; however, the mechanisms and extent of its effect are not fully understood. The study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective properties of a xenon-oxygen mixture in a neonatal ischemia-hypoxia rat model using MRI and follow-up neurological assessment. The experiment involved Wistar rat pups (n = 16). Neonatal ischemia-hypoxia was induced by the Rice–Vannucci method. Thirty minutes post-hypoxia, animals received the 60-min inhalation of either nitrogen-oxygen (control, n = 8), or 50/50 xenon-oxygen mixture (n = 8). Brain MRI was performed on day 7. In the xenon group, brain lesion volume was significantly reduced by 25% compared to controls on day 7 (p = 0.001). Neurological development was assessed from day 3 to 28 using a combination of behavioral tests. Xenon-treated animals demonstrated earlier formation of forelimb and hindlimb grasping reflexes (p = 0.025 and p = 0.005), better hindlimb placement and cliff avoidance on day 7 (p = 0.045 and p = 0.03), and better preserved auditory startle response on day 14 (p = 0.035). Thus, early administration of a xenon-oxygen mixture after ischemia-hypoxia exerts pronounced neuroprotection in newborn rats, confirmed by reduced brain damage and improved neurological outcomes.
Received: 2026-02-25
Published online: 2026-03-17
DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.009
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Original research Assessing functional activity of microglia and macrophages in barrier-associated brain areas of spontaneously hypertensive rats
Razenkova VA, Korzhevskii DE
The cerebrovascular disorder associated with arterial hypertension results in neuroinflammation, in which microglia and macrophages of the brain are actively involved. The study aimed to assess functional activity and immunophenotype of microglia and macrophages in the areas of brain barriers in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Specimens of the brain of male Wistar rats and SHR (age 3–4 months, n = 10) were used. The study involved the use of immunohistochemistry analysis and confocal laser microscopy. The presence of М2 activation (CD206) and phagocytic activity (CD68) markers in the population of microglia and macrophages was assessed. It was shown that the CD206 protein was present in perivascular cells, the counts of which were considerably increased in SHR (40.69 ± 4.87 cells per 1 mm2 vs. 28.73 ± 1.39 in Wistar rats; t-test, р = 0.0007). The quantitative analysis conducted allowed us to identify the upward trend of the share of phagocytic cells in the brain of SHR compared to Wistar rats. No changes in the CD68 protein distribution were found in SHR, therefore, activation of microglia and macrophages is not accompanied by the phagocytic activity increase. The findings suggest alternative activation of brain macrophages in neuroinflammation caused by arterial hypertension.
Received: 2026-02-04
Published online: 2026-02-28
DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.008
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Original research Linguo-semantic descriptors of painful sensations as a mirror therapy effectiveness criterion in trauma-related amputation
Petrash EA, Nikishina VB, Yunina-Pakulova NYu, Minaev AS, Melkonyan GG, Lytkina KA, Karpenko AS
Assessment of phantom pain linguosemantic descriptors in patients with traumatic amputation during the use of mirror visual feedback is conditioned by the need to find criteria for the psychological phantom pain adjustment effectiveness. The study aimed to assess the dynamic changes in linguosemantic pain descriptors in patients with traumatic amputation showing manifestations of phantom pain syndrome as a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of mirror visual feedback. The total sample size was 87 males post traumatic amputation of one lower limb (age 23–55 years). The research methods were as follows: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), original form for registering linguosemantic descriptors of phantom painful sensations, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for phantom pain. The detected dynamic changes in linguosemantic descriptors of phantom painful sensations in patients with traumatic amputation of the limb showing manifestations of phantom pain syndrome during treatment involving the use of mirror visual feedback makes it possible to consider the following as effectiveness criteria: an increase in the number of pain descriptors represented mainly by concrete and tangible nouns (makes it possible to reduce phantom pain severity rated using a 10-point scale), as well as the increase in the number of descriptors that characterize non-painful unpleasant sensations at the linguosemantic level.
Received: 2026-01-29
Published online: 2026-02-26
DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.007
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Original research Artificial intelligence algorithms for assessment of the major vessel tortuosity
Ilina AA, Lakman IA, Bikmeyev AT, Enikeeva AR, Badykova EA, Zagidullin NSh, Bryukhanova OA
Tortuosity of the coronary, cerebral arteries, aorta and its branches remains an important vascular problem, which, on the one hand, complicates selection of the X-ray surgical treatment tactics, and on the other hand worsens the disease outcome. The lack of common standards for assessment of tortuosity of the coronary, cerebral arteries, aorta and its branches reduces the diagnosis accuracy in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. The use of machine learning for automated tortuosity assessment represents one possible solution to this problem. The study aimed to analyze and compare accuracy, feasibility, and limitations of the available methods for automated assessment of tortuosity of the coronary, cerebral arteries, aorta and its branches using the machine learning tools. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA protocol. The search for papers published in 2015–2025 in the PubMed, Scopus, and eLibrary databases was performed using the following keywords: deep learning, machine learning, artificial intelligence, vessel tortuosity, curvature. Six papers out of 240 were included in the analysis. The analysis has shown that 80% of approaches are based on convolutional neural networks, and skeletonization aimed to isolate small blood vessels from the artery represents an essential preprocessing phase. In 50% of papers, tortuosity was determined qualitatively based on the presence of bending angles over 45°. Quantitatively, tortuosity was determined as a distance coefficient and a measure of curvature. In three studies out of six, verification of estimates was carried out by comparing the results with expert opinions (accuracy was 0.92–0.94). The study limitations are as follows: monocentricity, the use of data from one type of equipment.
Received: 2025-12-22
Published online: 2026-02-05
DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.005
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VIEWS 243
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Original research Age-related alterations in the immune system of aging mice
Matveeva KS, Shevyrev DV
Accumulation of senescent cells in the tissues is associated with functional impairment and the development of age-related disorders. The key role in this process is played by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contributing to chronic systemic inflammation, which is associated with the increased risk of autoimmune disorders and cancer, as well as the decreased resistance to infections. Normally, the immune system eliminates senescent cells, but the effectiveness of this process decreases with age, including due to the immune system aging. The study aimed to assess age-related alterations in the main lymphocyte and myelocyte populations in the spleen and bone marrow samples of senile mice. The study involved groups of young (n = 8) and elderly (n = 4) С57BL/6 mice. Populations were tested by flow cytometry using the fluorescence-labeled antibodies. The aging phenotype was assessed based on the β-Gal enzyme activity with pre-treatment with bafilomycin А1, ensuring lysosomal alkalinization and allowing one to detect the increased enzyme activity typical for the aging cells (SA-β-Gal). As a result, the significantly increased levels of myeloid populations, CD11c+ B cells, double-negative T cells, along with the decreased levels of the CD8α+ dendritic cells, were reported in elderly mice. Furthermore, aging was associated with the significant increase in the levels of SA-β-Gal-positive cells, especially in the populations of myeloid cells. The data obtained suggest that the age-related alterations are of systemic nature and reflect the so-called myeloid shift, as well as accumulation of pro-inflammatory populations in the myeloid and lymphoid compartments.
Received: 2025-08-27
Published online: 2025-09-30
DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.043
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Original research Development and assessment of the bone allograft-based material for DLP 3D printing
Bilyalov AR, Chugunov SS, Akhatov ISh, Tikhonov AA, Shangina OR, Pavlov VN, Danilko KV, Galautdinov MF, Akbashev VN
The use of allogenic bone material as a ceramic filler for DLP printing makes it possible to obtain personalized complex-shaped implants combining the matrix biomimetic nature with the additive technology benefits. The study aimed to assess the possibility of using the calcined cortical bone allograft powder as part of photopolymerizable suspension for DLP printing and producing bioceramics with the characteristics comparable to that of synthetic hydroxyapatite by sintering. The bone allograft was subjected to multi-stage specialized treatment involving complete removal of cells with preservation of the intercellular matrix and collagen fiber structure. The calcined medical allograft was crushed, introduced into a photopolymerizable matrix, and used for DLP printing of the samples that were further sintered and analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy methods before and after additive production. The sintered material specific gravity was 81.5%, compressive strength — 75.8 MPa, tensile strength — 12 MPa, Young's modulus — 3.08 GPa, and Vickers hardness — 0.55 GPa, which was within the range of values for porous hydroxyapatite. After DLP printing and sintering the sample phase and elemental composition did not change considerably compared to the source calcined material. The calcined bone allograft powder is suitable for preparing photopolymerizable suspensions and subsequent DLP printing of ceramic samples without deteriorating the material phase and chemical stability. The resulting mechanical properties make it possible to consider this allogenic bone material as a promising candidate for production of personalized implants with sophisticated geometry.
Received: 2025-11-03
Published online: 2025-12-18
DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.068
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Special Project Author's Work
Dear researcher!
At the end of 2015, Bulletin of RSMU saw an important change in its typographic design and content. We formulated new editorial policies and established strict ethical standards for submitted manuscripts in accordance with the guidelines of reputable international bodies. As a result, about a quarter of the submitted works have been rejected, the primary reason being the author trying to submit a previously published article. Sometimes authors believe that by making slight changes to the introduction, excluding a few people from the study, performing a new statistical analysis, and thus obtaining totally new results they will turn their old manuscript into a novel work. That is why we would like to talk about scientific integrity, honesty, plagiarism, and self-plagiarism in our special project “Author’s work”.
Richard FEYNMAN Cargo cult science
American physicist Richard P. Feynman, a Nobel laureate, was always very scrupulous about the quality of a research study. During his commencement address at the California Institute of Technology in 1974, he talked about scientific integrity and honesty and warned young researchers “not to fool” themselves. A must-read for anyone who believes he/she is a true scientist.
Ivan PAVLOV On the Russian mind
In 1918, Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, a Nobel laureate, delivered two lectures: on the mind in general and the Russian mind in particular; on those mind qualities that determine the success of a research work and on how these qualities are present in the Russian mind. Pavlov's thoughts are an effective vaccine against poor intellectual work.
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