Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Issue 6, 2025

Topic Anxiety and depressive disorders

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Issue 1, 2025

Topic microRNA

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Issue 2, 2025

Topic Salivary gland carcinoma

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Issue 3, 2025

Topic Delivery of anti-tumor pharmaceuticals

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Issue 4, 2025

Topic Chronic cerebral ischemia

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Issue 5, 2025

Topic Age-related alterations in the immune system

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PUBLICATION FEES

New articles

Ilina AA, Lakman IA, Bikmeyev AT, Enikeeva AR, Badykova EA, Zagidullin NSh, Bryukhanova OA

Tortuosity of the coronary, cerebral arteries, aorta and its branches remains an important vascular problem, which, on the one hand, complicates selection of the X-ray surgical treatment tactics, and on the other hand worsens the disease outcome. The lack of common standards for assessment of tortuosity of the coronary, cerebral arteries, aorta and its branches reduces the diagnosis accuracy in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. The use of machine learning for automated tortuosity assessment represents one possible solution to this problem. The study aimed to analyze and compare accuracy, feasibility, and limitations of the available methods for automated assessment of tortuosity of the coronary, cerebral arteries, aorta and its branches using the machine learning tools. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA protocol. The search for papers published in 2015–2025 in the PubMed, Scopus, and eLibrary databases was performed using the following keywords: deep learning, machine learning, artificial intelligence, vessel tortuosity, curvature. Six papers out of 240 were included in the analysis. The analysis has shown that 80% of approaches are based on convolutional neural networks, and skeletonization aimed to isolate small blood vessels from the artery represents an essential preprocessing phase. In 50% of papers, tortuosity was determined qualitatively based on the presence of bending angles over 45°. Quantitatively, tortuosity was determined as a distance coefficient and a measure of curvature. In three studies out of six, verification of estimates was carried out by comparing the results with expert opinions (accuracy was 0.92–0.94). The study limitations are as follows: monocentricity, the use of data from one type of equipment.

Received: 2025-12-22

Published online: 2026-02-05

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.005

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VIEWS 41

Kozin SA, Lysikova EA, Yakovlev RYu, Mukhina KA, Soloveva AE, Shmigol TA, Makarov AA, Mitkevich VA

High efficacy of the synthetic Ac-His-Ala-Glu-Glu-NH2 (HAEE) peptide in suppression of the congophilic amyloid plaque formation was earlier shown in the animal model of Alzheimer's disease. The study conducted as part of the pre-clinical trial aimed to determine the optimal therapeutic dose of this peptide when used as an anti-amyloid agent for treatment of this disorder. The APP/PS1 transgenic mice randomized into four experimental groups and one control group (eight males and eight females per group) were used as model animals. Mice of experimental groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 twice a week throughout eight weeks received subcutaneous injections of drugs with the following HAEE dosage: 0.18 mg/kg, 0.30 mg/kg, 1.50 mg/kg, 3.00 mg/kg. Mice of the control group were administered saline. The Congo red stain was used to determine amyloid plaques in the hippocampus of all animals. Quantification of such plaques showed a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the number of plaques in mice of experimental groups (the average plaque number per brain slice was 7.5 ± 2.1, 3.2 ± 0.9, 3.1 ± 0.6, and 3.3 ± 0.7 in mice of groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) compared to control mice (15.7 ± 4.6). Since the number of plaques in groups 2, 3, and 4 did not change significantly, the minimal HAEE dose, with which the lowest number of amyloid plaques is observed in the studied mice, is 0.3 mg/kg. This is roughly equivalent to the dose of 1.75 mg in terms of one adult human. Thus, the optimal therapeutic HAEE dose for clinical trials has been experimentally substantiated.

Received: 2025-12-09

Published online: 2026-02-04

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.006

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VIEWS 74

Minasov BSh, Yakupov RR, Akbashev VN, Evgrafov IO, Malsagov YuM, Karimov KK, Minasov IB, Akhmeldinova AA, Shveykin AA

The study is relevant due to persistent postural control impairment and gait disorder in patients post total knee arthroplasty (TKA), despite pain relief and restoration of the range of motion. The study aimed to assess the effects of kinesiotherapy in suspension on the patients’ stabilometry and gait phase parameters in the long term after TKA. A prospective comparative study was conducted that involved 93 patients (39 males and 54 females; average age 62.3 ± 5.1 years) enrolled 36 months after surgery. The patients were randomized into the index group (standard rehabilitation involving kinesiotherapy in suspension) and comparison group (standard program). The efficacy was assessed using stabilometry and gait phase analysis before and after the 3-week rehabilitation course. In the index group, a significant decrease in the normalized vectorogram area from 320 ± 60 to 190 ± 40 mm2 (p = 0.001) and mean center of pressure movement linear speed from 15.5 ± 2.8 to 8.7 ± 2.1 mm/s (p = 0.002) was revealed. The stance phase duration increased by 18%, and the walking phase symmetry increased from 74 ± 5 to 90 ± 4% (p < 0.01). In the comparison group, the changes were non-significant (p > 0.05). The decrease in WOMAC scores was reported for both groups, there were no intergroup differences. The data obtained confirm the efficacy of using kinesiotherapy in suspension to adjust postural and locomotor disorders after TKA.

Received: 2026-01-05

Published online: 2026-02-03

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.003

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VIEWS 163

Takhchidi KhP, Doga AV, Obodova KV

Today, selection of the optimal treatment method in patients with the early-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains an urgent problem of ophthalmology. There are various approaches to treating such patients, including the use of topical therapy and laser treatments. The study aimed to assess the hypotensive effect and clinical and functional outcomes of the simultaneous combined laser treatment, including YAG-LAT and the subsequent one-time SLT in the same localization zones, in patients with the newly diagnosed early-stage POAG and moderately elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The study included 100 eyes with stage I POAG, which were divided into two groups: group I — 50 eyes before and after YAG-LAT and SLT; group II – 50 eyes that underwent SLT only. The follow-up period was 12 months. In patients of groups I and II, a decrease in IOP by 28 and 30.5% relative to the baseline IOP was reported at 1 month, and by 32.2 and 32% at 3 months, respectively. The intergroup difference in the extent of IOP decrease at 1 and 3 months was non-significant (р > 0.05). There was still good hypotensive effect, up to 29.3% of the preoperative value, 12 months after YAG-LAT and SLT. Twelve months after SLT, the hypotensive effect was 17%. The intergroup difference in the extent of IOP decrease at 12 months was significant (р < 0.05). Glaucoma stabilization was reported in groups I and II, but in group II, antihypertensive therapy was required in 63% of cases. The simultaneous combined laser treatment technology (YAG-LAT and SLT) showed a pronounced, persistent hypotensive effect and glaucoma stabilization when used for treatment of the newly diagnosed early-stage POAG.

Received: 2025-12-17

Published online: 2026-02-01

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2026.004

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VIEWS 145

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Popular articles

Kirshina AS, Shepelkova GS, Khlebnikova AS, Maslov AA, Kozlova AV, Kunyk DA, Yeremeev VV, Ivanov RA, Reshetnikov VV

The success of mRNA-based vaccine formulations against viral infections motivated many researchers to develop mRNA vaccines against bacterial infections. The development of new anti-tuberculosis vaccine is an urgent task since the only approved BCG vaccine is not effective enough in terms of infection prevention, despite the fact that it reduces the risk of severe disease. The study aimed to compare two anti-tuberculosis mRNA vaccines based on the classic linear mRNA (mRNA-MTBmEp-5-1) and circular RNA (circRNA-MTB-mEp-5-1) by immunogenicity and the capability of protecting I/St mice against M. tuberculosis infection. The efficacy of mRNA vaccines in the formulations with lipid nanoparticles was compared with the BCG efficacy. The findings suggest that immunization with the mRNA vaccine based on the linear mRNA resulted in the cell-based and humoral immune response (OD IgG = 0.36 ± 0.12) that was less pronounced than after BCG vaccination (OD IgG = 0.54 ± 0.14). At the same time, immunization with the mRNA vaccine and BCG ensured comparable reduction of bacterial load in the lung and spleen of experimental mice (CFU in lung tissue for BCG: 4.00 × 105 ± 2.13 × 105, p = 0.0068; mRNA: 4.72 × 105 ± 3.44 × 105, p = 0.0059; LNP: 4.91 × 106 ± 3.89 × 106, ns; PBS: 4.01 × 106 ± 1.69 × 106) and increased survival of mice after getting infected with M. tuberculosis. Immunization with the vaccine based on the circular RNA resulted in developing humoral mmunity only (OD IgG = 0.52 ± 0.13) and did not ensure protection after getting infected with M. tuberculosis (CFU in the lung for circRNA: 2.12 × 106 ± 5.30 × 105, p = 0.85). Thus, in our studies, anti-tuberculosis vaccines based on circular RNAs are inferior in effectiveness to formulations based on linear RNAs.

Received: 2025-07-22

Published online: 2025-08-26

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.040

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VIEWS 1037

Matveeva KS, Shevyrev DV

Accumulation of senescent cells in the tissues is associated with functional impairment and the development of age-related disorders. The key role in this process is played by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contributing to chronic systemic inflammation, which is associated with the increased risk of autoimmune disorders and cancer, as well as the decreased resistance to infections. Normally, the immune system eliminates senescent cells, but the effectiveness of this process decreases with age, including due to the immune system aging. The study aimed to assess age-related alterations in the main lymphocyte and myelocyte populations in the spleen and bone marrow samples of senile mice. The study involved groups of young (n = 8) and elderly (n = 4) С57BL/6 mice. Populations were tested by flow cytometry using the fluorescence-labeled antibodies. The aging phenotype was assessed based on the β-Gal enzyme activity with pre-treatment with bafilomycin А1, ensuring lysosomal alkalinization and allowing one to detect the increased enzyme activity typical for the aging cells (SA-β-Gal). As a result, the significantly increased levels of myeloid populations, CD11c+ B cells, double-negative T cells, along with the decreased levels of the CD8α+ dendritic cells, were reported in elderly mice. Furthermore, aging was associated with the significant increase in the levels of SA-β-Gal-positive cells, especially in the populations of myeloid cells. The data obtained suggest that the age-related alterations are of systemic nature and reflect the so-called myeloid shift, as well as accumulation of pro-inflammatory populations in the myeloid and lymphoid compartments.

Received: 2025-08-27

Published online: 2025-09-30

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.043

Comments 0

VIEWS 914

Special Project Author's Work

Secrets of a quality research study and a good manuscript

At the end of 2015, Bulletin of RSMU saw an important change in its typographic design and content. We formulated new editorial policies and established strict ethical standards for submitted manuscripts in accordance with the guidelines of reputable international bodies. As a result, about a quarter of the submitted works have been rejected, the primary reason being the author trying to submit a previously published article. Sometimes authors believe that by making slight changes to the introduction, excluding a few people from the study, performing a new statistical analysis, and thus obtaining totally new results they will turn their old manuscript into a novel work. That is why we would like to talk about scientific integrity, honesty, plagiarism, and self-plagiarism in our special project “Author’s work”.

American physicist Richard P. Feynman, a Nobel laureate, was always very scrupulous about the quality of a research study. During his commencement address at the California Institute of Technology in 1974, he talked about scientific integrity and honesty and warned young researchers “not to fool” themselves. A must-read for anyone who believes he/she is a true scientist.

In 1918, Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, a Nobel laureate, delivered two lectures: on the mind in general and the Russian mind in particular; on those mind qualities that determine the success of a research work and on how these qualities are present in the Russian mind. Pavlov's thoughts are an effective vaccine against poor intellectual work.