Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Issue 5, 2025

Topic Age-related alterations in the immune system

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Issue 6, 2024

Topic Crigler-Najjar syndrome: approaches to therapy

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Issue 1, 2025

Topic microRNA

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Issue 2, 2025

Topic Salivary gland carcinoma

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Issue 3, 2025

Topic Delivery of anti-tumor pharmaceuticals

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Issue 4, 2025

Topic Chronic cerebral ischemia

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New articles

Ershova ES, Veiko NN, Kostyuk EV, Poletkina AA, Rozhnova TM, Nizyaeva NV, Muzaffarov DU, Klimenko PA, Kostyuk SV

Pregnancy requires the cells of the woman’s body to ensure increased ribosomal biogenesis in order to enhance the protein synthesis intensity. The number of ribosomes depends on the copy number of ribosomal genes (rDNA) in the genome. The study aimed to test the hypothesis about the association of the rDNA copy number in the woman’s genome with the course of normal and complicated pregnancy. The sample of 488 pregnant women (25–39 weeks) included the following groups: 1) normal pregnancy (control); 2) impaired uteroplacental blood flow and fetoplacental insufficiency; 3) congenital malformations; 4) isthmic-cervical insufficiency; 5) early placental maturation; 6) dichorionic diamniotic twins; 7) polyhydramnios; 8) macrosomia. The rDNA copy number was determined by the quantitative hybridization method in the DNA extracted from peripheral leukocytes. The rDNA copy number varied between 226 and 800 (n = 488). DNA samples with the rDNA copy number below 290 were lacking in groups 3–8. Groups 5–8 included no samples with the rDNA copy number exceeding 520; these in total differed from group 1 by low rDNA copy number values (the average values were 360–381 for groups 3–8 and 452 for group 1; p < 10–7). The rDNA copy number range of 290–520 in the woman’s genome (the adaptive norm typical for long-lived individuals) is optimal in terms of successful completion of pregnancy in the presence of pregnancy complications. The low rDNA copy number (200–290) in the genome is associated with the failure to complete embryogenesis when there are some fetal abnormalities/ features. A high rDNA content (over 600 copies) indicates the presence of genetic variants in the woman's genome that can interfere with the complicated pregnancy course. Determining the rDNA copy number in the genome of married couples may be useful for planning and predicting the course of pregnancy.

Received: 2025-10-23

Published online: 2025-12-12

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.071

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VIEWS 58

Petrash EA, Yunina-Pakulova NYu, Kuryishina SA, Karpenko AS, Kuznetsova AA

Memory in all the variety of the types and processes ensuring its functioning has a psychotherapeutic resource that is realized when working with manifestations of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One of these is obsessive repetitive memories with traumatic content. The study aimed to look into reconsolidation of early memories in reliving the traumatic experience of participation in combat. The total sample size was 62 individuals (males aged 21–46 years). The experimental group included 31 respondents with combat experience having the status of war veterans (the average period of participation was 1 year and 5 months). The control group consisted of 31 respondents with no combat experience. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale, set of functional neuropsychological tests (“10 Words” by A.R. Luria, "Pictograms" method by A.R. Luria, "Difficult-to-Verbalize Figures" by T.V. Akhutina, "Rhythm Reproduction Test" by A.R. Luria), analysis of the transcripts of audio recordings of early memories were used. It has been reliably found that the early memory of a positive, negative or neutral modality resulting from the influence of combat experience is changed through the reconsolidation mechanism, which is reflected in the linguistic and semantic parameters. The linguistic and semantic structure of the combat veterans’ early memories is characterized by the event-based model, with a predominance of verbs and adverbs. The semantic core of the combat veterans’ early memories is more often negatively colored, despite the general ambivalent or positive modality.

Received: 2025-10-25

Published online: 2025-12-11

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.069

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VIEWS 75

Khokhlova AN, Vavilov MV, Chepurnykh TV, Rodionova NS, Petushkov VN, Yampolsky IV, Dubinny MA

Traditional medicine has been using earthworms to treat a wide range of pathological conditions for many centuries. Current research focuses primarily on the isolation and characterization of biologically active compounds, including notable examples such as glycoprotein G90, which exhibits thrombolytic and antitumor properties; the enzyme complex lumbrokinase; and the extracellular oxygen transport protein erythrocruorin, regarded as a potential basis for blood substitute development. Model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, which are used to study the mechanisms of aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and evaluate the effectiveness of medicines, also play an important role. Bioluminescent systems of annelids are of particular interest because they exhibit a variety of chemical mechanisms of luminescence and unique cofactors that hold promise for applications in biomedicine. The combination of these properties and abilities underscores the importance of worms as a source of enzymes, proteins, and metabolites, as well as model systems for finding solutions to both fundamental and applied biomedical problems.

Received: 2025-10-21

Published online: 2025-12-10

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.067

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VIEWS 61

Kulinich TM, Kukoleva EA, Goncharov SV, Kudinova EA, Puchkov IA, Goncharova OI, Kaminsky VV, Bozhenko VK

Peritoneal carcinomatosis remains one of the most challenging forms of dissemination in gastric and colorectal cancer. It directly determines the disease prognosis and is highly resistant to treatment. The use of the existing therapeutic approaches is often limited by low benefit-risk ratio. It is necessary to develop innovative strategies aimed at overcoming the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression associated with RAS mutations, which play a crucial role in the carcinogenesis of both colorectal and gastric cancer. The study aimed to estimate safety and preliminary efficacy of the novel peptide RAS-GTPase inhibitor «Ing-Ras» when included in the treatment regimen of patients with stage III–IV gastric and colorectal cancer, including patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. A total of 35 patients with the confirmed diagnosis of stage III–IV gastric and colorectal cancer were included in the study. The «Ing-Ras» drug was administered at a dose of 1.8 mg/kg twice with a 7-day interval using the Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) technique. Primary efficacy was assessed by comparing the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of the clinical trial patients with historical control groups. The OS and PFS rates for patients in the clinical trials were 92.1% and 84.22%, respectively, which significantly (p < 0.05) exceeded the values of these rates for the historical control group (50.8% and 65.25%). Thus, the use of «Ing-Ras» can significantly improve the treatment results for patients with advanced forms of colorectal and gastric cancer.

Received: 2025-10-23

Published online: 2025-12-09

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.065

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VIEWS 122

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Popular articles

Butunts MA, Dyuzhina KA, Nifatova ES, Muradyan TG

Bone marrow transplant is the leading method to treat hematologic malignancies, immunodeficiency, and hereditary metabolic disorders. The Federal Bone Marrow Donor Registry effectiveness depends directly on public awareness of bone marrow donation and infrastructure development. A comprehensive approach to public awareness is necessary to increase the system effectiveness. The study aimed to investigate factors that influence joining the Federal Bone Marrow Donor Registry, with a focus on motivation, sources of information, impact of infrastructure, environment, and common myths. The respondents (potential donors registered in the Federal Registry; n = 3100) filled an online questionnaire of 24 questions aimed at studying and assessing the socio-demographic characteristics, motivation, sources of information, influence of the environment, awareness of bone marrow donation, and readiness to donate. It was found that young adults aged 18–36 (n = 1860) more often join the Federal Registry through informal channels, such as work/school events (n = 843; 27.2%), while respondents over the age of 37 (n = 1240) prefer healthcare institutions (n = 1590; 51.3%). Women make up the majority of potential donors (n = 2304; 74.3%), especially in Moscow (n = 1650; 74.5%), while higher prevalence of myths is reported for the regions (n = 1646; 53.1%). The findings emphasize the need for the differentiated approach to information policy, which will make it possible to increase the donor movement effectiveness nationwide. A key factor in scaling this work is partnership with commercial laboratories, which significantly expands the Federal Registry recruitment network and provides convenient conditions for donors to join.

Received: 2025-05-26

Published online: 2025-06-26

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.032

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VIEWS 963

Ivanova AV, Lazareva PA, Kuzmichev IA, Vadekhina VV, Kosykh AV, Gurskaya NG, Abakumov MA

Due to the limited availability of advanced methods to diagnose Alzheimer's disease, small molecules and short peptides capable of specifically biniding β-amyloid are of special interest. The study aimed to perform comparative assessment of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of two model peptides, HAEE (His-Ala-Glu-Glu) and HASS (His-Ala-Ser-Ser), as potential platforms for the development of diagnostic kits, as well as to determine the relationship between the peptide structure and organotropism. The study involving BALB/c mice (n = 10) was conducted using the fluorescence labeled compounds. We used in vivo IVIS imaging, ex vivo fluorescence microscopy, and pharmacokinetic analysis. The results showed fundamental differences: the negatively charged HAEE was accumulated mainly in the kidney (T½β = 4.39 h) due to tubular reabsorption, while neutral HASS was soon captured by the liver (T½β = 2.76 h). The data obtained demonstrate the key role of amino acid composition in determining organotropism and open prospects for the development of organ-specific peptide systems.

Received: 2025-07-10

Published online: 2025-07-31

DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2025.036

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VIEWS 933

Special Project Author's Work

Secrets of a quality research study and a good manuscript

At the end of 2015, Bulletin of RSMU saw an important change in its typographic design and content. We formulated new editorial policies and established strict ethical standards for submitted manuscripts in accordance with the guidelines of reputable international bodies. As a result, about a quarter of the submitted works have been rejected, the primary reason being the author trying to submit a previously published article. Sometimes authors believe that by making slight changes to the introduction, excluding a few people from the study, performing a new statistical analysis, and thus obtaining totally new results they will turn their old manuscript into a novel work. That is why we would like to talk about scientific integrity, honesty, plagiarism, and self-plagiarism in our special project “Author’s work”.

American physicist Richard P. Feynman, a Nobel laureate, was always very scrupulous about the quality of a research study. During his commencement address at the California Institute of Technology in 1974, he talked about scientific integrity and honesty and warned young researchers “not to fool” themselves. A must-read for anyone who believes he/she is a true scientist.

In 1918, Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, a Nobel laureate, delivered two lectures: on the mind in general and the Russian mind in particular; on those mind qualities that determine the success of a research work and on how these qualities are present in the Russian mind. Pavlov's thoughts are an effective vaccine against poor intellectual work.