ISSN Print 2500–1094
ISSN Online 2542–1204
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Prefrontal cortex transcranial theta-burst stimulation frequency-dependent effects on cognitive functions
About authors
Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
Correspondence should be addressed: Alexandra G. Poydasheva
Volokolamskoye shosse, 80, Moscow, 125310, Russia; ur.ygoloruen@avehsadyop
About paper
Funding: the study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), grant № 22-25-00078, https://www.rscf.ru/project/22-25-00078/
Author contribution: Suponeva NA, Bakulin IS, Poydasheva AG, Piradov MA — study concept; Suponeva NA, Bakulin IS, Poydasheva AG, Sinitsyn DO, Piradov MA — study planning and design; Bakulin IS, Poydasheva AG, Zabirova AH, Lagoda DYu — research procedure and data acquisition; Bakulin IS, Poydasheva AG, Sinitsyn DO, Zabirova AH — data analysis; all authors — data interpretation; Suponeva NA, Bakulin IS, Poydasheva AG — manuscript draft writing; all authors — manuscript editing.
Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Research Center of Neurology (protocol 3-7/22 dated 20 April 2022), it was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki; the informed consent was submitted by all study participants.
Received: 2023-10-07
Accepted: 2023-11-13
Published online: 2023-12-07
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Fig. Individual comodulogram of healthy volunteer. The color scale indicates the values of mean vector length (MVL); maximum theta–gamma coupling is marked with the red circle (frequencies of 7,6; 40 Hz)
Table 1. Individual theta–gamma coupling frequencies
Table 2. Adverse events during stimulation and within 24 h after stimulation
Note: iTBS-5/50 — standard theta-burst stimulation protocol, iTBS-ind — personalized theta-burst stimulation protocol, iTBS-sham — sham stimulation
Table 3. Effects of distinct protocols on the results of cognitive tests
Note: iTBS-5/50 — standard theta-burst stimulation protocol, iTBS-ind — personalized iTBS protocol, iTBS-sham — sham stimulation; Т1-Т0 — difference between values measured immediately after and before stimulation (hereinafter the data are presented as М [Q1; Q3]), Т2-Т0 — difference between values measured 60 min after the end of stimulation and before stimulation; L — verbal stimuli, S — spatial stimuli, Total — total d’ value for verbal and spatial stimuli with the same n; Digit Span — test for assessment of the sequence of digits recall, Corsi blocks — test for assessment of the spatial sequence recall; Tower of London — Tower of London test; significant differences (p < 0.05, pairwise comparison using the Bonferroni adjusted Wilcoxon test) are marked in bold; positive difference values correspond to performance improvement in all tests, except Tower of London
Table 4. Comparison of effects between protocols
Note: pT1-T0 — significance level for differences of values measured at Т1 and Т0, pT2-T0 and pT2-T1 — the same for Т2 and Т0, Т2 and Т1, respectively; L — verbal stimuli, S — spatial stimuli, Total — total d’ value for verbal and spatial stimuli with the same n; Digit Span — test for assessment of the sequence of digits recall, Corsi blocks — test for assessment of the spatial sequence recall; Tower of London — Tower of London test; significant differences are marked in bold (p < 0.05, comparison using the Friedman test)
Table 5. Pairwise comparison of the effects of protocols
Note: Identification of protocols: iTBS-5/50 — standard theta-burst stimulation protocol, iTBS-ind — personalized iTBS protocol, iTBS-sham — sham stimulation; pT2-T0 — significance level for differences of values measured at Т2 and Т0, pT2-T1 — significance level for differences of values measured at Т2 and Т1; S — spatial stimuli, Corsi blocks — test for assessment of the spatial sequence recall; significant differences are marked in bold (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon test adjusted for multiple comparisons)
