This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY).
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Sensorimotor rhythm desynchronization during execution of quasi-movements based on natural finger movements
1 Neurocognitive Research Center (MEG Center), Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
2 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Correspondence should be addressed: Evgeny P. Svirin
Shelepihinskaya naberezhnaya, 2А, str. 2, Moscow, 123290, Russia; moc.liamg@tnikigoj
Funding: the study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 24-75-00105, https://rscf.ru/project/24-75-00105/.
Acknowledgements: the authors would like to thank A. Vasilyev for guidance on data processing and feedback.
Author contribution: Svirin EP — study design, experimental procedure, analysis of results, manuscript writing, writing the final version; Berdyshev DA — study design, analysis of results, manuscript writing; Shishkin SL — study conceptualization, discussion, writing the final version.
Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Moscow State University of Psychology & Education (protocol No. 4 dated 01 April 2026). All subjects submitted the informed consent to take part in the study.
Quasi-movements (QMs), which are movement attempts minimized to the point of movement extinction, evoke EEG patterns similar to those of real movement. QMs can model attempted movement in healthy subjects and are therefore of interest as an alternative to motor imagery (MI) in rehabilitation brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), in which the attempted movement of the paralyzed limb is used as a control signal. Earlier QM studies were focused on thumb abduction. The study aimed to verify the feasibility of QMs based on more natural actions (pressing and pointing) and compare their EEG correlates with those of MI. In 11 healthy volunteers (6 women, aged 21–32), EEG recording was performed during execution of MI, non-goal-directed QMs (nQMs), goal-directed QMs (gQMs), and real movements. Both QM types caused more pronounced contralateral desynchronization of the 8–13 Hz mu rhythm than MI (0.63 dB, effect of movement type, p = 0.042), while nQMs and gQMs did not differ. There were no differences in ipsilateral desynchronization between the conditions (p = 0.216). Pairwise comparisons were significant in the upper-frequency mu rhythm sub-range (nQM–MI: 0.82 dB, p = 0.003; gQM–MI: 0.70 dB, p = 0.022). There was no effect of movement type in the parietal area of interest (p = 0.15). The contribution of residual movement was non-significant. The data obtained show that QMs based on natural actions are feasible and produce stronger sensorimotor activation than MI, which justifies further research focused on QMs in the context of rehabilitation BCIs.
Keywords: motor imagery, neurorehabilitation, electroencephalography, brain–computer interface, quasi-movements, attempted movement, mu rhythm desynchronization