Original research Medical and Social Characteristics of the Employment of Teenagers Working at their Spare Time
Ivanov VYu
The purpose of the research is to study the nature of employment, and its impact on the lives and health of adolescents, to develop preventive recommendations. Surveys were conducted with 817 senior pupils at the age from 14 to 18. The results showed that about 36 % of senior pupils earn additionally. In recent years the tendency to improve the conditions of employ­ment of teenagers is observed. However, violations of the hygienic requirements to working conditions and the labor legislation still take place. There is a high prevalence of negative evaluation by teenagers of their first work experience. In the group of working adolescents the higher prevalence of the behavioral risk factors was observed. The teenagers with work experience did not differ in terms of health.
Received: 2013-11-11
Published online: 2017-01-05
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VIEWS 4024
Original research General Education Schools Adolescent Students Physical Activity
Lipanova LL, Nasybullina GM
A one stage population study using anonymous questionnaire survey method was conducted. 5,962 of the 7–11<sup>th</sup> form stu­dents of general education schools of Yekaterinburg were interviewed for the purpose of studying time expenditures, main physical activity forms and causes, incidence of physical activity and causes of low levels of physical activity amongst the adolescents, impact of physical activity on health. 16.5 % of the students are not engaged in any forms of physical activity apart from the physical education classes. Incidence rate of low levels of physical activity (less than 5 hours per week) amongst boys was 58.9 ± 1.9 %, amongst girls it was 80.0 ± 1.4 %. With age the incidence of low level physical activity amongst boys does not change considerably and amongst girls it increases. A walk is the preferred form of physical activity amongst adolescents, which does not provide even the lowest required range of motion. As the main reason that prevents adolescents from leading an active lifestyle they name a lack of spare time. Contingency between the level of physical activity and the health condition of the students was determined.
Received: 2013-11-11
Published online: 2017-01-05
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VIEWS 4214
Original research Hygienic Basis for Assessing the Effectiveness of Rehabilitation of Children and Teenagers in Summery Stationary Country Camps
Novikova II, Erofeev YuV, Veynikh PA, Ischenko AI, Savchenko OA, Flyanku IP
The organization of rest and improvement of children in stationary country camps in modern conditions is an effective measure of preserving and strengthening of health of younger generation. By means of hygienic methods of research there were scientifically proved methods for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation, minimal duration of the improv­ing shift at intraregional and interregional levels, were defined time stages of recovery.
Received: 2013-11-11
Published online: 2017-01-05
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VIEWS 4121
Review Human Immune System as a Mechanism for Vital Activity
Grishina TI, Filatova GA
The immune system function is to preserve the genetic identity of the human organism. This mechanism works against external factors (bacteria, virus, xenobiotics etc.) and against internal cells transformation, including acute and chronic stress. Nervous, endocrine and immune systems working in close interaction form an integrated life support regulation system and changes in one of them will inevitably lead to the reaction of the whole system. .To train doctors for an ad­equate correction of immunity violations it is necessary to inset the «Clinical immunology» subject into the education program of medical students.
Received: 2013-11-11
Published online: 2017-01-05
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VIEWS 4064
Original research Tuberculosis Epidemiological Situation in Russia
Stepanyan IE, Punga VV, Yakimova MA, Erokhin VV
The article is devoted to actual problems of phthisiology in Russia. It is presented the analysis of reasons for the slow re­gression of tuberculosis in Russia, as throughout the world, the most important of which are multi-drug resistant Mycobac­terium tuberculosis, the increasing spread of HIV infection and the number of adverse social factors. Practical importance of application of modern methods of accelerated drug resistance testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to its successful treatment is shown.
Received: 2013-11-11
Published online: 2017-01-05
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VIEWS 4025
Opinion Social Human Biology as a Science
Velichkovsky BM
To study the problems concerning the nation's viability require the use of data from economy, demography, sociology, physiology, genetics, psychology, medicine indicating the need for a new integrated science — social human biology. At the moment the so­cial human biology as a science has succeeded in elucidation of the mechanisms how the purchasing power and social inequality influence the state of public health. The higher is the purchasing power (the average salary) in the given administrative-territorial unit, the lower are overall mortality rate, mortality of the working-age population and reproductive losses. Life expectancy, on the contrary, is higher with the raise of purchasing power of the population. Based on the synthesis of social and biological sciences conditions for “saving people” and sustainable development of Russia are defined.
Received: 2013-11-11
Published online: 2017-01-05
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VIEWS 4304
Miscellaneous Scientific Activities of the RAMS Academician B. T. Velichkovskiy in the Field of Occupational Risks and Social Stress in the Urals
Gurvich VB, Kuzmin SV, Dergustanova TM, Yarushin SV, Malykh OL, Kochneva NI
The research on occupational hazards and labor conditions, factors of social stress and their health effects in the population, based on scientific work of RAMS Academician B. T. Velichkovskiy, is continued in the Sverdlovsk Region. The studies have demonstrated the relationship between the mortality among the working age population and purchasing power, quality of living conditions, medical care and the extent of social stress in the regional municipalities. We evaluated the economic health damage from premature mortality of the working age population probabilistically related to effects of socio-economic factors.
Received: 2013-11-11
Published online: 2017-01-05
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VIEWS 4309
Original research Major Social Hygiene Factors Determining the State of Public Health in Russia
Zabroda NN, Pinigin MA, Velichkovsky BM
The study of the effect on the health of the level of purchasing power of the population, air pollution and health care in three cities of the Kursk region with various kinds of industrial production — Kursk, Zheleznogorsk and Lgov — was conducted. 
Received: 2013-11-11
Published online: 2017-01-05
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VIEWS 4214