Bulletin of RSMU

ISSN Print 2500–1094 ISSN Online 2542–1204

Bulletin of RSMU

BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL OF PIROGOV UNIVERSITY (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)

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Miroshnichenko IV, Stolpnikova VN, Levashova TV, Sorokina EA, Toporova SG

The aim of the study was to determine the markers and the stages of the immunosenescence. The data of flowing polychrome cytometry of 155 patients at the age of 80–89 years (group 1) and 276 patients at the age of 90–104 years (group 2) were analyzed. Immunograms were picked with homogeneous quantitative changes helper CD4+, cytotoxic CD8+ and activated CD3+HLA-DR+ T-cells. The average absolute values of indices with the analogous type of deviations from the standard did not depend on the age. However in the 2nd group persons with immunodeficiency were identified more often (80 ± 5 %) and less with activation of immunity (20 ± 5 %), than in the 1st group (33.5 ± 7.5 % and 66.5 ± 7.5 %, accordingly). It was assumed that the change of types of deviations from the standard reflects the sequential stages of natural immunosenescence, associated with quantitative CD4+ and/or CD8+ deficiency. Possibly the immune inflammation stimulates the accelerated aging against this background.

Received: 2014-05-30

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 5271

Arshanskaya EG, Semochkin SV, Sotnikov VM, Ivanova VL

This article presents the analysis of long-term results of therapy of adolescents (n = 48; median age — 16.6 years; minimum and maximum age — 15.0 and 18.1) and young adults (n = 49; median age — 21.0 years; minimum and maximum age — 18.5 and 33.6) with primary Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). During 1997–2008 all the patients were treated according to the pediatric protocol DAL-HD-90. Twelve-year event-free survival was 73.4 ± 4.8 % and overall survival — 81.5 ± 4.7 % for all patients. Twelve-year event-free survival for adolescents at the early stages of HL was documented at the level of 83.3 ± 15.2 %, at the intermediate stages — 80.9 ± 10.0 % and at the advanced stages — 72.2 ± 9.8 %. Long-term treatment results of young adults with intermediate and advanced stages of HL were inferior to those of adolescents. The frequency of secondary tumors in all patients was in 2.1 % of cases.

Received: 2014-06-24

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 5092

Beloglazov VA, Popenko YoU

The aim of our investigation was to determine the state of anti-endotoxin (AET) immunity in patients with moderate and severe persistent bronchial asthma. 109 patients were examined receiving outpatient treatment of the basic disease. All patients were divided into two groups: group 1 — patients with moderate bronchial asthma — 68 subjects (62,4%) with average score of 3.00 ±0.14 according to ACQ, FEV<sub>1</sub> — 67.01 ± 2.10 %; group 2 — patients with severe bronchial asthma — 41 subjects (37,6 %) with average score of 4.06 ± 0.12 according to ACQ, FEV<sub>1</sub> — 34.45 ± 1.05 %. It was proved that in both clinical groups the levels of total secretory IgA and secretory AET-lgA in induced sputum were higher than those of healthy donors. It was observed the increase of the level of AET-IgM in blood serum in both clinical groups in comparison with donors, as for the level of serum AET-IgG patients of the studied groups were treated as normal responders. It was registered the increased level of AET-lgA in blood serum in group 1, in group 2 this indicator was getting closer to that of the donors. The increased level of C-reactive protein was determined in both groups. It is assumed that the imbalance of anti-endotoxin immunity influences the severity and the course of bronchial asthma according to the phenomenon of endotoxin aggression.

Received: 2014-06-06

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 5228

Lysenko EP, Potapenko AYa

Psoralens combined with UVA-irradiation (320–400 nm) are used for the treatment of skin and autoimmune diseases (PUVA-therapy). One possible mechanism of therapeutic and side phototoxic effects of PUVA-therapy can be realized through the stage of formation of psoralen photooxidation products (POP-products). In the present paper, the mechanisms of formation of two types of POP-products are discussed. POP1-products are predominantly formed in solutions at low psoralen concentration and/or under low fluence rate of UVA-irradiation. These POPi-products possess immunosuppressive activity and are detected by spin trap EPR method. POP2-products are formed under high fluence rate of UVA-irradiation and/or at high psoralen concentration. They possess hemolytic activity and are detected by Fe(ll)-induced chemiluminescence. The influence of Fe(ll)-ions on POP-induced membranotoxic effects is discussed.

Received: 2014-06-06

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 4944

Kruglikov GG, Likhacheva LM, Suslov VB, Stranzha NB, Oettinger AP

In chronic inflammation in the lungs (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis) there were revealed by the method of electron microscopy structural and functional features in granuloma cells (leukocytes, macrophages, plasmatic and corpulent cells) performing the protective function, as well as in stationary, long-lived smooth myocytes, in endothelial membranes of the bronchial tubes, blood vessels and nerve endings. The inflammatory process covers all the departments of respiratory portions.

Received: 2014-04-21

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 5289

Tsyplenkova VG, Suslov VB, Oettinger AP

On the material of endomyocardial and intraoperation biopsies from patients with noncoronarogenic heart diseases (dilated and diabetic cardiomiopathies, paroxysmal arrhythmia, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia) on semithin and ultrathin sections there was studied myocardial microcirculation bed. By morphometry there was found the decrease of capillaries density of myocardial bed, degenerative changes in endothelial cells and microthrombosis. It was supposed that these changes are the factors of progression of heart failure.

Received: 2014-05-27

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 5216

Kraposhina TP, Filyushkina AYu, Antonyan MG

This review generalizes the literary data on the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of lichen sclerosus of the vulva. In the structure of gynecological pathology proportion of patients with trunk is about 7 %. Long term course of the disease, accompanied by debilitating itching can lead to neuropsychiatric and vegetative-vascular disorders, as well as violations of patients' relationships with others. There are known neurogenic, endocrine, metabolic, infectious, autoimmune and some other development theories of lichen sclerosus of the vulva. Due to the nature of pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of lichen sclerosis of the vulva more and more researchers are inclined to the necessity of introduction of topical corticosteroids in the medical practice.

Received: 2014-05-21

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 5037

Khoninov BV, Sergunin ON, Skoroglyadov PA, Begaliev AA

There was performed the analysis of modern concepts and own experience of the new technologies use in the treatment of gonarthrosis. There are presented the data on the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is used for the manufacture of whole autologous blood. There are reviewed the mechanisms of PRP action, the results of clinical studies in which there was used autologous conditioned plasma in the treatment of gonarthrosis. It is noted that the method is technically simple and devoid of serious side effects. There are presented the data that the local application of PRP in patients with knee osteoarthrosis produces a strong positive dynamics of the functional state of the knee joints in case of early manifestations of osteoarthritis, but in gonarthrosis of II-III radiographic stages the positive impact of osteoarthrosis is less efficient. It is concluded that there are prospects for further studies of the mechanism of PRP action. It is necessary, in particular, to clarify whether PRP is only the means of symptomatic treatment of osteoarthrosis or it also relates to pathogenetic reasonable methods of treatment of this disease.

Received: 2014-07-14

Published online: 2017-01-05

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VIEWS 5133